We report here a theoretical and experimental study of the charge generated when a ZnO nanorod is subjected to external force and contacting on a timescale of order seconds. We show, for the samples considered, that the measured charge flow is over four orders of magnitude larger than expected based on the strain-induced piezoelectric response, and is comparable in magnitude to the spontaneous charge on the surface of an ideal nanorod. We present a defect-mediated electrostatic model to explain how the measured charge transfer can arise from the nanorod spontaneous polarization induced electron charge.

中文翻译：

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直接观察自发极化诱导的应力ZnO纳米棒中的电子电荷转移

我们在此报告对ZnO纳米棒受到外力并在几秒钟的时间尺度上接触时产生的电荷进行理论和实验研究。对于所考虑的样本，我们表明，所测得的电荷流比基于应变感应压电响应的预期流大了四个数量级，并且其大小与理想纳米棒表面的自发电荷相当。我们提出了一种缺陷介导的静电模型，以解释如何从纳米棒自发极化诱导的电子电荷中产生测量的电荷转移。