Through natural as well as anthropogenic processes, prey can lose historically important predators and gain novel ones. Both predator gain and loss frequently have deleterious consequences. While numerous hypotheses explain the response of individuals to novel and familiar predators, we lack a unifying conceptual model that predicts the fate of prey following the introduction of a novel or a familiar (reintroduced) predator. Using the concept of eco-evolutionary experience, we create a new framework that allows us to predict whether prey will recognize and be able to discriminate predator cues from non-predator cues and, moreover, the likely persistence outcomes for 11 different predator–prey interaction scenarios. This framework generates useful and testable predictions for ecologists, conservation scientists, and decision-makers.

通过自然以及人为的过程，猎物可以失去历史上重要的捕食者并获得新颖的捕食者。捕食者的获利和损失经常造成有害的后果。尽管许多假设解释了个体对新颖和熟悉的捕食者的反应，但我们缺乏一个统一的概念模型来预测引入新颖或熟悉（再引入）的捕食者之后的猎物命运。利用生态进化经验的概念，我们创建了一个新的框架，该框架使我们能够预测猎物是否会识别并能够区分捕食者线索与非捕食者线索，此外，还可以预测11种不同的捕食者与猎物互动的持久性结果场景。该框架为生态学家，保护科学家和决策者生成有用且可检验的预测。