To further assess the human being's exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the dietary pathway, understanding the partitioning of these chemicals co-existed with nanomaterials in edible vegetable systems deserves specific consideration. In this study, the fiber-optic fluorimetry was applied to in situ examine the effects of graphene (GNS) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on the quantification and depuration of three-ringed phenanthrene (Phe) and four-ringed fluoranthene (Fla) adsorbed individually onto the living spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) surfaces. When the GNS and GO dosages separately increased to the maximum values: a respective red-shift of 4–5 nm and blue-shift of 2–3 nm occurred for the optimal detection emission wavelengths (λ_em) of the two PAHs, indicating that individual GNS and GO resulted in different changes to the epicuticular wax (ECW) polarity; GNS-inducing fluorescence quenching for the PAHs was about two times greater than GO, owing to the stronger π-π interactions between PAH molecules and GNS relative to GO; the volatilization coefficients (k_C1) were reduced by 31.1% versus 26.7% for Phe, and 51.6% versus 34.4% for Fla, mainly via providing an additional adsorbent and promoting the accessibility of the leaf cuticle; respective photolysis coefficients (k_P2) of Phe and Fla decreased by 42.9% and 50.0% with GNS, primarily owing to the enhancement of the ECW light-adsorption capacity, but increased by 33.3% and 40.0% with GO due to its photocatalytic activities; overall, total depuration coefficients (k_T1, k_T2) of the two PAHs decreased by 11.1–55.6%. These findings demonstrate that GNS and GO significantly alter the depuration behavior of PAHs in vegetable systems, potentially posing a threat to the safety of edible vegetables.

为了进一步评估人类通过饮食途径对多环芳烃（PAHs）的暴露，了解与可食用蔬菜系统中纳米材料共存的这些化学物质的分配值得特别考虑。在这项研究中，使用光纤荧光法原位检查了石墨烯（GNS）和氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片对三环菲（Phe）和四环荧蒽（Fla）定量和纯化的影响。分别吸附到活菠菜（菠菜）表面上。当GNS和GO剂量分别增加到最大值时：对于最佳检测发射波长，分别发生4–5 nm的红移和2-3 nm的蓝移（λ这两个PAH中的_em），表明单个的GNS和GO导致表皮蜡（ECW）极性的变化不同；由于PAH分子和GNS之间相对于GO较强的π-π相互作用，导致PAHs的GNS诱导的荧光猝灭作用比GO大约大两倍。挥发系数（k _C1）降低了31.1％，而Phe降低了26.7％，Fla降低了51.6％相比34.4％降低了Fla，主要是通过提供额外的吸附剂并促进了叶表皮的可及性；各自的光解系数（k _P2）GNS的Phe和Fla分别降低了42.9％和50.0％，主要是由于ECW的光吸收能力增强，而GO的光催化活性则使其分别增加了33.3％和40.0％; 总体而言，两个多环芳烃的总净化系数（k _T1，k _T2）降低了11.1–55.6％。这些发现表明，GNS和GO显着改变了蔬菜系统中PAHs的净化行为，可能对食用蔬菜的安全性构成威胁。