Abstract Vinyl ester resins (VERs) are used in a variety of applications. However, alternative feedstocks and molecular structures have been recently investigated due to dwindling petroleum reserves and risks associated with bisphenol A (BPA), a leading petroleum-derived precursor for VERs, as well as environmental hazards directly related to the use of petroleum-derived and classified hazardous air pollutant and volatile organic compound reactive diluents (RDs). Plant feedstocks are very common and based on their building blocks, the feedstocks can be categorized into plant oils, cellulose, and lignin. Considerable amount of work has been done on vinyl ester cross-linkers and diluents derived from plant oils, especially those prepared from soybean oil. Carbohydrate biomass-based building blocks, especially isosorbide and furan-based monomers, have a very high potential for use in commercial VERs due to the availability of raw materials and performance of building blocks. Lignin-based vinyl esters have also shown a lot of the potential to compete with their petrochemical counterparts in both cost and performance. This review covers both the topics of bio-based cross-linkers as well as RDs with emphasis on the preparation of monomers and polymers as well as the processing and properties of these materials.

中文翻译：

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植物基乙烯基酯树脂和活性稀释剂的最新进展

摘要 乙烯基酯树脂 (VER) 用于多种应用。然而，由于石油储量减少和与双酚 A (BPA) 相关的风险，以及与石油衍生和使用直接相关的环境危害，双酚 A (BPA) 是 VER 的主要石油衍生前体，因此最近对替代原料和分子结构进行了研究。分类的有害空气污染物和挥发性有机化合物活性稀释剂 (RD)。植物原料非常常见，根据它们的组成部分，原料可分为植物油、纤维素和木质素。已经对衍生自植物油的乙烯基酯交联剂和稀释剂进行了大量工作，尤其是那些由大豆油制备的。碳水化合物生物质基结构单元，尤其是异山梨醇和呋喃基单体，由于原材料的可用性和构建块的性能，它们在商业 VER 中具有非常高的潜力。基于木质素的乙烯基酯也显示出在成本和性能方面与石化产品竞争的巨大潜力。这篇综述涵盖了生物基交联剂和 RD 的主题，重点是单体和聚合物的制备以及这些材料的加工和性能。