Vibration energy harvesting and sensing is a traditional and growing research field in which various working mechanisms and designs have been developed for an improved performance. Relying on a coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, in the past 5 years, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been applied as a fundamentally new technology to revive the field of vibration energy harvesting and self-powered sensing, especially for low-frequency vibrations such as human motion, automobile, machine, and bridge vibrations. The demonstrated instantaneous energy conversion efficiency of ∼70% and a total efficiency up to 85% distinguished TENG from traditional techniques. In this article, both TENG-enabled vibration energy harvesting and self-powered active sensing are comprehensively reviewed. Moving toward future development, problems pressing for solutions and onward research directions are also posed to deliver a coherent picture.

振动能量收集和传感是一个传统且不断发展的研究领域，其中已经开发出各种工作机制和设计以提高性能。依靠接触带电和静电感应的耦合效应，在过去的5年中，摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）已被用作一项根本性的新技术，以复兴振动能量收集和自供电传感领域，特别是在低频领域振动，例如人体运动，汽车，机器和桥梁振动。TENG的瞬时能量转换效率约为70％，总效率高达85％，与传统技术不同。在本文中，全面评估了启用TENG的振动能量收集和自供电主动感应。