Bidirectional low temperature networks are a novel concept that promises more efficient heating and cooling of buildings. Early research shows theoretical benefits in terms of exergy efficiency over other technologies. Pilot projects indicate that the concept delivers good performance if heating and cooling demands are diverse. However, the operation of these networks is not yet optimized and there is no quantification of the benefits over other technologies in various scenarios. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding of how to integrate and control multiple distributed heat and cold sources in such networks. Therefore, this paper develops a control concept based on a temperature set point optimization and agent-based control which allows the modular integration of an arbitrary number of sources and consumers. Afterwards, the concept is applied to two scenarios representing neighborhoods in San Francisco and Cologne with different heating and cooling demands and boundary conditions. The performance of the system is then compared to other state-of-the-art heating and cooling solutions using dynamic simulations with Modelica. The results show that bidirectional low temperature networks without optimization produce 26% less emissions in the San Francisco scenario and 63% in the Cologne scenario in comparison to the other heating and cooling solutions. Savings of energy costs are 46% and 27%, and reductions of primary energy consumption 52% and 72%, respectively. The presented operation optimization leads to electricity use reductions of 13% and 41% when compared to networks with free-floating temperature control and the results indicate further potential for improvement. The study demonstrates the advantage of low temperature networks in different situations and introduces a control concept that is extendable for real implementation.

双向低温网络是一个新颖的概念，有望实现更高效的建筑物供热和制冷。早期研究表明，在能效方面，其技术优势优于其他技术。试点项目表明，如果供暖和制冷需求各不相同，则该概念可提供良好的性能。但是，这些网络的操作尚未进行优化，并且在各种情况下都无法量化与其他技术相比的收益。此外，缺乏对如何在这种网络中集成和控制多个分布式热和冷源的理解。因此，本文提出了一种基于温度设定点优化和基于代理的控制的控制概念，该控制概念允许任意数量的源和用户进行模块化集成。然后，该概念适用于两种情况，分别代表旧金山和科隆的邻里，具有不同的供热和制冷需求以及边界条件。然后使用Modelica进行动态仿真，将系统的性能与其他最新的加热和冷却解决方案进行比较。结果表明，与其他供暖和制冷解决方案相比，未经优化的双向低温网络在旧金山方案中的排放量减少了26％，在科隆方案中的排放量减少了63％。能源成本节省分别为46％和27％，一次能源消耗减少了52％和72％。与具有自由浮动温度控制的网络相比，所提出的运行优化导致用电量减少了13％和41％，结果表明有进一步改进的潜力。该研究证明了低温网络在不同情况下的优势，并介绍了可扩展用于实际实施的控制概念。