Several experimental procedures are currently used to investigate the impact of the environment on brain plasticity under physiological and pathological conditions. The available methodologies are aimed at obtaining global or specific reductions or intensifications of the stimuli, with initial standardization in animal models being paralleled by translational applications to humans. More procedures can be combined together or applied in series to obtain powerful experimental paradigms, and the choice of a given setting should take into account the specific genetic background, age, and phenotypic vulnerabilities of the target subjects. Sophisticated use of environmental manipulations can increase our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent plasticity, opening the way for new therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders, dysfunctions of plasticity, and brain aging.

中文翻译：

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环境调节及其对大脑发育影响的系统研究

目前使用几种实验程序来研究生理和病理条件下环境对大脑可塑性的影响。可用的方法旨在获得刺激的整体或特定减少或强化，动物模型的初始标准化与对人类的转化应用并行。更多的程序可以组合在一起或串联应用以获得强大的实验范式，并且给定设置的选择应考虑目标受试者的特定遗传背景、年龄和表型脆弱性。环境操作的复杂使用可以增加我们对依赖于经验的可塑性机制的了解，为神经发育障碍的新疗法开辟道路，