Graphene materials as catalyst supports have shown tremendous promise for improving catalytic activity. Pd nanoparticles supported by graphene defects have been shown to improve catalytic activity in Suzuki reactions, but understanding their formation and factors that affect their formation is still elusive. In order to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon, a new synthetic method was developed combining strong electrostatic adsorption method for directed ionic Pd precursor uptake with a new solventless microwave irradiation method to simultaneously form Pd nanoparticles and graphene defect sites. Catalytic activities an order of magnitude higher than commercial Pd-carbon catalysts were obtained using this new method with low microwave powers, short reaction times, under atmospheric conditions, and without the use of reducing agents or solvents. The systematic comparison of catalysts synthesized from four different graphene materials and two different Pd precursors revealed Pd-graphene defects form through three routes that are affected by the initial oxygen content of graphene support and choice of ionic Pd precursor.

石墨烯材料作为催化剂载体已显示出改善催化活性的巨大希望。已显示由石墨烯缺陷支撑的Pd纳米颗粒可改善Suzuki反应中的催化活性，但了解它们的形成和影响其形成的因素仍然难以捉摸。为了更好地理解这种现象，开发了一种新的合成方法，该方法结合了用于定向离子Pd前体吸收的强静电吸附方法和新的无溶剂微波辐射方法，以同时形成Pd纳米颗粒和石墨烯缺陷位点。使用这种新方法，在大气条件下，微波功率低，反应时间短，催化活性比市售Pd碳催化剂高一个数量级。且不使用还原剂或溶剂。由四种不同石墨烯材料和两种不同Pd前体合成的催化剂的系统比较表明，Pd-石墨烯缺陷是通过三种途径形成的，这些途径受石墨烯载体的初始含氧量和离子型Pd前体的选择影响。