Polystyrene (PS) is introduced to stabilize the perovskite component, grains and microstructures by forming PS-capped perovskite grains. It is found that the PS coverage has significant advantages in suppressing the component loss and phase separation, obstructing moisture corrosion and promoting crystal self-healing of perovskite films. Besides, with the PS involvement, exceeding 20% efficiency of a planar TiO₂ based cell has been achieved by decreasing charge traps and nonradiative recombination.

中文翻译：

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聚苯乙烯稳定的钙钛矿成分，晶粒和微结构，可提高平面太阳能电池的效率和稳定性

引入聚苯乙烯（PS）通过形成PS封端的钙钛矿晶粒来稳定钙钛矿成分，晶粒和微结构。发现PS覆盖物在抑制组分损失和相分离，阻碍湿气腐蚀以及促进钙钛矿膜的晶体自修复方面具有显着的优点。此外，在PS的参与下，通过减少电荷陷阱和非辐射复合，实现了平面TiO ₂基电池的效率超过20％。