Monitoring of soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC pools, and enzymes involved in SOC degradation and mineralization is needed to elucidate the impact of conversion from forest to agriculture on SOC and properties, and how and which crop system and management practices can contribute to C sequestration, thus climate change mitigation. This study compared the impact of forest conversion to maize (Zea mays L.) and cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill.) fields with different farming management on SOC content and pools (recalcitrant, labile, and extractable), soil microbial biomass carbon, and enzyme activities involved in the soil C cycle. For this purpose, a site under strong land use changes in Central Mexico with high demographic density was selected. Forest conversion to maize fields decreased the original SOC and the C recalcitrance index (RI). However, land use change from forest to cactus systems maintained SOC content, C RI, and arylesterase activity near the values observed in the original forest. Cactus systems promoted higher soil extractable organic carbon content, related to increases in microbial biomass and β-glucosidase activity. Additionally, cactus cultivation can maintain SOC and a C RI at a similar level to the forest soil, which contributes to sustainability of the agroecosystem and climate change mitigation. Therefore, it could comprise a promising viable option for sustainable crop production systems under temperate subhumid conditions, in turn promoting socioeconomic development and rural growth.

中文翻译：

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在不同的土壤管理方法下种植印度榕树：一种可能的可持续农业系统，以促进土壤碳固存并增加土壤微生物的生物量和活性

需要监测土壤有机碳（SOC）含量，SOC池和涉及SOC降解和矿化的酶，以阐明从森林到农业的转化对SOC和特性的影响，以及如何以及哪种作物系统和管理实践可以做出贡献碳固存，从而缓解气候变化。这项研究比较了森林转化为玉米（Zea mays L.）和仙人掌（Opuntia ficus-indica）的影响[L.] Mill。）在SOC含量和库（顽固，不稳定和可提取），土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤C循环涉及的酶活性方面采用不同的耕作管理方式。为此，选择了人口密度高，墨西哥中部土地利用变化剧烈的地点。森林向玉米田的转化降低了原始SOC和碳不定性指数（RI）。但是，从森林到仙人掌系统的土地利用变化使SOC含量，C RI和芳基酯酶活性保持在原始森林中观察到的值附近。仙人掌系统促进了较高的土壤可提取有机碳含量，这与微生物生物量和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的增加有关。此外，仙人掌种植可以将SOC和C RI维持在与森林土壤相似的水平，这有助于农业生态系统的可持续性和减缓气候变化。因此，它可能是温带半湿润条件下可持续作物生产系统的有希望的可行选择，进而促进社会经济发展和农村增长。