Neurochemical sensing probes are a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool that can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases involving deficiencies in neurotransmitter signaling. However, implantation of these biosensors can elicit a harmful tissue response that alters the neurochemical environment within the brain. Transmission of chemical messengers via neurons is impeded by a barrier-forming glial scar that occurs within weeks after insertion followed by progressive neurodegeneration, attenuating signal sensitivity. Emerging research reveals that non-neuronal cells also influence the neurochemical milieu following injury both directly and indirectly. The reactivity of both microglia and astrocytes to inserted probes have been extensively studied in the past yet there remains other glial subtypes in the brain, such as oligodendrocytes and their precursors, the myelin structures they form, as well as vascular-bound pericytes, that have the potential to contribute significantly to the inflammation due to their responsibility to maintain tissue homeostasis. A brief overview of how tissue injury alters the neurochemical makeup followed by alternative potential targets of investigation and novel strategies to enhance the chemical sensing abilities of implantable probes will be discussed.

中文翻译：

---

了解对脑植入物的炎症组织反应，以改善神经化学感应性能

神经化学传感探针是一种有价值的诊断和治疗工具，可用于研究涉及神经递质信号传导缺陷的神经退行性疾病。但是，植入这些生物传感器会引起有害的组织反应，从而改变大脑内的神经化学环境。化学信使通过神经元的传播受到在插入后数周内发生的屏障形成神经胶质瘢痕的阻碍，继而进行性神经退行性变，从而减弱了信号敏感性。新兴的研究表明，非神经元细胞也直接或间接地影响损伤后的神经化学环境。过去已经广泛研究了小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞对插入探针的反应性，但大脑中还存在其他神经胶质亚型，例如少突胶质细胞及其前体，它们形成的髓磷脂结构以及与血管结合的周细胞，由于它们具有维持组织体内稳态的责任，因此具有显着促进炎症的潜力。简短概述了组织损伤如何改变神经化学成分，然后探讨了潜在的替代研究目标，以及增强可植入探针化学感应能力的新策略。