Mesoporous silica (MS) has been one of the most versatile and successful adsorbents for the removal of environmental pollutants in recent years. The extent to which its structural properties can be tailored and the ease with which such morphological properties can be manipulated are widely acknowledged as major advantages of MS over other adsorbents. In addition to this, modifications to the surface of MS have also been explored in recent years. When the morphology and surface functionality of adsorbents are optimised, great improvements in selective adsorption capacities for a wide range of different pollutant types have been achieved. This review article will explore the most common functional groups deposited at adsorbent surfaces, and the reagents and methods used to deposit these groups to the MS surface, for the purpose of increasing the adsorption capacity and/or selectivity for both inorganic and organic wastewater pollutants. A selection of successful surface functionalizations which have been performed on different substrates will also be outlined, to guide future MS surface modifications.

中文翻译：

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介孔二氧化硅吸附剂的表面功能化和处理，以改善污染物的去除：综述

近年来，中孔二氧化硅（MS）已成为去除环境污染物的最通用，最成功的吸附剂之一。相对于其他吸附剂，MS的主要优势是其结构特性可定制的程度以及这种形态特性的易操作性被广泛认为是MS的主要优势。除此之外，近年来还研究了对MS表面的修饰。当吸附剂的形态和表面功能得到优化时，对于各种不同污染物类型的选择性吸附能力已实现了极大的提高。这篇评论文章将探讨沉积在吸附剂表面上最常见的官能团，以及用于将这些基团沉积到MS表面的试剂和方法，为了增加对无机和有机废水污染物的吸附能力和/或选择性。也将概述在不同基板上执行的成功表面功能化的选择，以指导将来的MS表面改性。