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Activation of Cp2ZrX2 (X = Me, Cl) by Methylaluminoxane As Studied by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Relationship to Polymerization Catalysis
Macromolecules ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-08 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00933
Scott Collins 1, 2 , Mikko Linnolahti 3 , Maricela Garcia Zamora 2 , Harmen S. Zijlstra 1 , María T. Rodríguez Hernández 2 , Odilia Perez-Camacho 2
Affiliation  

Activation of Cp2ZrCl2 and Cp2ZrMe2 by methylaluminoxane (MAO) in toluene is largely complete at Al:Zr ratios of 100:1 to 200:1 as revealed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). The anions present undergo chlorination in the case of Cp2ZrCl2. DFT calculations reveal that chlorination of MAO is favorable and involves dissociation of Me3Al, followed by association of Me2AlCl. Ethylene polymerizations were conducted using these catalyst precursors in toluene. The activity vs [Zr] data are essentially identical, while higher MW polyethylene is formed with a narrower MWD at lower Al:Zr ratios in the case of Cp2ZrMe2. The activity vs [Zr] data could be fit to a model which invokes bimolecular deactivation of growing chains. ESI MS reveals that a dinuclear Zr2 cation with m/z 557 is formed on exposure of [Cp2Zr(μ-Me)2AlMe2]+ to ethylene, in addition to other cations that are dinuclear with respect to Zr. Labeling experiments using ethylene-d4 indicate that these dinuclear cations are derived from ethylene, either through direct incorporation in the case of m/z 557, or indirectly through incorporation of deuterium following e.g. β-H elimination. These experiments shed light on the need for high Al:Zr ratios for ethylene polymerization using soluble metallocene catalysts. The active catalyst [Cp2ZrR][MAO(Me)] (R = H, Et or a higher homologue) suffers a second order deactivation, and thus activity improves upon dilution of the catalyst precursor at constant [Al].

中文翻译:

电喷雾电离质谱研究甲基铝氧烷对Cp 2 ZrX 2(X = Me,Cl)的活化作用:与聚合催化的关系

如电喷雾电离质谱法(ESI MS)所示,甲基铝氧烷(MAO)在甲苯中对Cp 2 ZrCl 2和Cp 2 ZrMe 2的活化在Al:Zr比为100:1至200:1的情况下基本完成。在Cp 2 ZrCl 2的情况下,存在的阴离子进行氯化。DFT计算表明,MAO的氯化是有利的,并且涉及Me 3 Al的解离,然后是Me 2 AlCl的缔合。使用这些催化剂前体在甲苯中进行乙烯聚合。活性与[Zr]数据基本相同,而在Cp的情况下,以较低的Al:Zr比形成较高分子量的聚乙烯,而MWD较窄2 ZrMe 2。活性vs [Zr]数据可能适合于一个模型,该模型调用生长链的双分子失活。ESI MS揭示,[Cp 2 Zr(μ-Me)2 AlMe 2 ] +暴露于乙烯后,会形成具有m / z 557的双核Zr 2阳离子,以及相对于Zr的双核其他阳离子。使用乙烯-d 4进行的标记实验表明,这些双核阳离子是从乙烯衍生而来的,在m / z的情况下可以通过直接掺入557,或在例如β-H消除后通过掺入氘间接地进行。这些实验揭示了对于使用可溶性茂金属催化剂进行乙烯聚合的高Al:Zr比的需求。活性催化剂[Cp 2 ZrR] [MAO(Me)](R = H,Et或更高的同系物)遭受二级失活,因此在将催化剂前体稀释为常数[Al]时,活性得到提高。
更新日期:2017-11-08
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