Modafinil (MOD) is a wakefulness-inducing compound prescribed for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness as a consequence of sleep disturbances such as shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or narcolepsy. While providing effective results in patients with sleepiness, MOD also produces positive outcomes in the management of fatigue associated with different conditions including depression, cancer, or tiredness in military personnel. Although there is clear evidence of the stimulant effects of MOD, current data also show that administration of this drug apparently induces positive neurobiological effects, such as improvement in memory. However, serious concerns have been raised since some reports have suggested MOD dependence. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to characterize the changes induced by MOD which have been observed in several neurobiological functions. Moreover, further work should follow up on the likely long-term effects of this drug if used for treatment of drowsiness and tiredness. Here, we review and summarize recent findings of the medical uses of MOD in the management of sleepiness and fatigue associated with depression or cancer as well as exhaustion in military personnel. We also discuss the available literature related with the cognitive enhancing properties of this stimulant, as well as what is known and unknown about MOD addiction.

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莫达非尼的临床用途，药理学和安全性概述

莫达非尼（MOD）是一种引起觉醒的化合物，用于治疗因轮班工作睡眠障碍，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，不安腿综合征或发作性睡病等睡眠障碍而导致的白天过度嗜睡。在为困倦患者提供有效结果的同时，MOD在管理与各种状况（包括抑郁，癌症或军事人员疲倦）相关的疲劳方面也产生了积极的成果。尽管有明确证据表明MOD具有刺激作用，但目前的数据还表明，服用该药显然可以诱导积极的神经生物学作用，例如改善记忆力。但是，由于一些报告表明对MOD的依赖性，引起了人们的严重关注。在一起 这些发现强调了表征由MOD引起的变化的必要性，这些变化已在几种神经生物学功能中观察到。此外，如果用于治疗嗜睡和疲倦，则应进一步研究该药物可能产生的长期影响。在这里，我们回顾和总结MOD在治疗与抑郁症或癌症以及军人疲惫有关的嗜睡和疲劳中的医学用途的最新发现。我们还将讨论与这种兴奋剂的认知增强特性相关的可用文献，以及有关MOD成瘾的已知和未知知识。我们回顾并总结了MOD在治疗与抑郁症或癌症相关的嗜睡和疲劳以及军人精疲力竭方面的医学用途的最新发现。我们还将讨论与这种兴奋剂的认知增强特性相关的可用文献，以及有关MOD成瘾的已知和未知知识。我们回顾并总结了MOD在治疗与抑郁症或癌症相关的嗜睡和疲劳以及军人精疲力竭方面的医学用途的最新发现。我们还将讨论与这种兴奋剂的认知增强特性相关的可用文献，以及有关MOD成瘾的已知和未知知识。