We present the development of theranostic nanoplatforms (NPs) based on a europium (Eu³⁺) doped calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) core functionalized with cyclodextrin (β-CD) and cucurbitural (CB[7]). The composition, crystalline structure, aspect ratio, surface area, morphology, and luminescence property of the NPs were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The perceivable effects of Eu³⁺ doping appear in the minor peak shift to larger angles attributed to lower crystallite size and smaller aspect ratios coupled with greater structural strain in the rod shaped theranostic NPs and a shift in their zeta potential toward less negative values. Cell parameter calculations suggest that the doping of Eu³⁺ would cause the a-axis parameter to decrease slightly as the ionic radius of Eu³⁺ is smaller than that of Ca²⁺. Moreover drug release profiles employing 5-fluorouracil (5FU) suggest that these luminescent NPs depict controlled and sustained release profiles. Further the emissive intensities of the NPs in the carrier systems increase with cumulative released amounts of 5FU, suggesting that release of the drug can be monitored by changes in luminescent intensity. In addition, native NPs manifest commendable cytocompatibility as demonstrated by MTT and live/dead protocols, whereas the 5FU loaded NPs demonstrated over 80% HeLa cell death, signifying their therapeutic potential. We envision that these NPs can serve as effective and practical multifunctional probes for theranostic applications.

中文翻译：

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ran掺杂的缺钙羟基磷灰石作为治疗型纳米平台：结构和长宽比的影响。

我们介绍了基于ran（Eu ³⁺）掺杂的钙缺乏的羟基磷灰石（CDHA）核，并用环糊精（β-CD）和cubitbitural（CB [7]）功能化的治疗性纳米平台（NPs）的开发。通过X射线衍射（XRD），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），能量色散X射线分析（EDAX）研究了NP的组成，晶体结构，长宽比，表面积，形态和发光性能。 ，Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）方法，透射电子显微镜（TEM）和荧光光谱法。Eu ³⁺的可感知作用掺杂出现在较小的峰位移中，这归因于较小的晶粒尺寸和较小的长宽比，以及较大的角度偏移，再加上杆状热晶纳米颗粒中较大的结构应变，以及它们的ζ电势向较小的负值移动。小区参数计算表明，Eu的掺杂³⁺会导致一个轴参数作为Eu的离子半径略微降低³⁺比的Ca较小²⁺。此外，采用5-氟尿嘧啶（5FU）的药物释放曲线表明，这些发光NP描绘了受控和持续释放曲线。此外，载体系统中NP的发射强度随着5FU的累积释放量而增加，这表明可以通过发光强度的变化来监测药物的释放。此外，天然NP表现出值得赞扬的细胞相容性，如MTT和活/死方案所示，而5FU负载的NP表现出80％以上的HeLa细胞死亡，表明它们具有治疗潜力。我们设想这些NP可以作为治疗诊断应用的有效和实用的多功能探针。