DNA is the molecule that stores and transmits genetic information in biological systems. The field of DNA nanotechnology takes this molecule out of its biological context and uses its information to assemble structural motifs and then to connect them together. This field has had a remarkable impact on nanoscience and nanotechnology, and has been revolutionary in our ability to control molecular self-assembly. In this Review, we summarize the approaches used to assemble DNA nanostructures and examine their emerging applications in areas such as biophysics, diagnostics, nanoparticle and protein assembly, biomolecule structure determination, drug delivery and synthetic biology. The introduction of orthogonal interactions into DNA nanostructures is discussed, and finally, a perspective on the future directions of this field is presented.

DNA是在生物系统中存储和传输遗传信息的分子。DNA纳米技术领域使这种分子脱离了生物学背景，并利用其信息来组装结构基序，然后将它们连接在一起。该领域对纳米科学和纳米技术产生了显着影响，并且在我们控制分子自组装的能力方面发生了革命性的变化。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于组装DNA纳米结构的方法，并研究了它们在生物物理学，诊断学，纳米颗粒和蛋白质组装，生物分子结构确定，药物递送和合成生物学等领域的新兴应用。讨论了将正交相互作用引入DNA纳米结构的过程，最后，提出了对该领域未来方向的展望。