Identifying patterns and drivers of infectious disease dynamics across multiple scales is a fundamental challenge for modern science. There is growing awareness that it is necessary to incorporate multi‐host and/or multi‐parasite interactions to understand and predict current and future disease threats better, and new tools are needed to help address this task. Eco‐phylogenetics (phylogenetic community ecology) provides one avenue for exploring multi‐host multi‐parasite systems, yet the incorporation of eco‐phylogenetic concepts and methods into studies of host pathogen dynamics has lagged behind. Eco‐phylogenetics is a transformative approach that uses evolutionary history to infer present‐day dynamics. Here, we present an eco‐phylogenetic framework to reveal insights into parasite communities and infectious disease dynamics across spatial and temporal scales. We illustrate how eco‐phylogenetic methods can help untangle the mechanisms of host–parasite dynamics from individual (e.g. co‐infection) to landscape scales (e.g. parasite/host community structure). An improved ecological understanding of multi‐host and multi‐pathogen dynamics across scales will increase our ability to predict disease threats.

中文翻译：

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建立传染病生态学的生态系统发生框架

识别多尺度传染病动态的模式和驱动因素是现代科学面临的一项基本挑战。人们越来越意识到有必要结合多宿主和/或多寄生虫相互作用来更好地理解和预测当前和未来的疾病威胁，并且需要新的工具来帮助解决这一任务。生态系统发育学（系统发育群落生态学）为探索多宿主多寄生虫系统提供了一种途径，但将生态系统发育概念和方法纳入宿主病原体动力学研究的方法滞后。生态系统发生学是一种利用进化历史来推断当今动态的变革性方法。这里，我们提出了一个生态系统发育框架，以揭示对跨空间和时间尺度的寄生虫群落和传染病动态的见解。我们说明了生态系统发育方法如何帮助解开从个体（例如共同感染）到景观尺度（例如寄生虫/宿主群落结构）的宿主 - 寄生虫动力学机制。对跨尺度多宿主和多病原体动态的生态理解的改进将提高我们预测疾病威胁的能力。