Transaminases have attracted considerable interest in their use as biocatalysts for the synthesis of compounds containing chiral amine units, which are widespread within the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industry. Recent developments in enzyme- and process-engineering have expedited their use in asymmetric synthesis; however, industrial applications are still hindered by a number of factors, including equilibrium thermodynamics, product inhibition, and poor substrate tolerance. Detailed and comprehensive approaches to each of these challenges have been reported during the last two decades; the most representative enzyme discovery and screening strategies, protein and equilibrium engineering, and immobilization techniques are reviewed herein. Furthermore, we present a detailed look into the applications of transaminases for the synthesis of a variety of amine-containing compounds and the integration of transaminases into multienzymatic systems that allow access to a variety of highly complex products for the end user.

中文翻译：

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转氨酶生物催化剂的发现，工程和合成应用

转氨酶作为生物催化剂用于合成包含手性胺单元的化合物已引起了极大的兴趣，这种手性胺单元在制药，农业化学和精细化工行业中广泛存在。酶和工艺工程的最新进展加快了它们在不对称合成中的应用。然而，工业应用仍然受到许多因素的阻碍，包括平衡热力学，产物抑制和较差的底物耐受性。在过去的二十年中，已经报告了针对这些挑战的详细而全面的方法；本文对最有代表性的酶发现和筛选策略，蛋白质和平衡工程以及固定化技术进行了综述。此外，