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Nanopore Measurements of Filamentous Viruses Reveal a Sub-nanometer-Scale Stagnant Fluid Layer
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-07 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06767 Angus J. McMullen 1 , Jay X. Tang 1 , Derek Stein 1
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-07 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06767 Angus J. McMullen 1 , Jay X. Tang 1 , Derek Stein 1
Affiliation
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We report measurements and analyses of nanopore translocations by fd and M13, two related strains of filamentous virus that are identical except for their charge densities. The standard continuum theory of electrokinetics greatly overestimates the translocation speed and the conductance associated with counterions for both viruses. Furthermore, fd and M13 behave differently from one another, even translocating in opposite directions under certain conditions. This cannot be explained by Manning-condensed counterions or a number of other proposed models. Instead, we argue that these anomalous findings are consequences of the breakdown of the validity of continuum hydrodynamics at the scale of a few molecular layers. Next to a polyelectrolyte, there exists an extra-viscous, sub-nanometer-thin boundary layer that has a giant influence on the transport characteristics. We show that a stagnant boundary layer captures the essential hydrodynamics and extends the validity of the electrokinetic theory beyond the continuum limit. A stagnant layer with a thickness of about half a nanometer consistently improves predictions of the ionic current change induced by virus translocations and of the translocation velocity for both fd and M13 over a wide range of nanopore dimensions and salt concentrations.
中文翻译：
丝状病毒的纳米孔测量显示亚纳米级停滞液层。
我们报告了通过fd和M13对纳米孔易位的测量和分析，fd和M13是两个相关的丝状病毒毒株，除了其电荷密度相同外，其余均相同。标准的电动连续谱理论极大地高估了这两种病毒的转运速度和与抗衡离子相关的电导。此外，fdM13和M13的行为彼此不同，甚至在某些条件下以相反的方向移位。曼宁浓缩抗衡离子或许多其他建议的模型无法解释这一点。取而代之的是，我们认为这些反常的发现是连续流体动力学在几个分子层尺度上失效的后果。在聚电解质旁边，有一个超粘，亚纳米薄的边界层，该边界层对传输特性有很大的影响。我们表明，停滞的边界层捕获了基本的流体动力学，并将电动力学理论的有效性扩展到了连续极限之外。fd和M13在各种纳米孔尺寸和盐浓度范围内。
更新日期：2017-11-08
中文翻译：
丝状病毒的纳米孔测量显示亚纳米级停滞液层。
我们报告了通过fd和M13对纳米孔易位的测量和分析，fd和M13是两个相关的丝状病毒毒株，除了其电荷密度相同外，其余均相同。标准的电动连续谱理论极大地高估了这两种病毒的转运速度和与抗衡离子相关的电导。此外，fdM13和M13的行为彼此不同，甚至在某些条件下以相反的方向移位。曼宁浓缩抗衡离子或许多其他建议的模型无法解释这一点。取而代之的是，我们认为这些反常的发现是连续流体动力学在几个分子层尺度上失效的后果。在聚电解质旁边，有一个超粘，亚纳米薄的边界层，该边界层对传输特性有很大的影响。我们表明，停滞的边界层捕获了基本的流体动力学，并将电动力学理论的有效性扩展到了连续极限之外。fd和M13在各种纳米孔尺寸和盐浓度范围内。
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