The restoration of soils affected by mining activities depends on the improvement of soil physical quality. This study aimed to determine the medium-term effects of organic amendments and mulches on soil physical properties and soil hydrological response. The experimental restoration was conducted in a homogeneous slope using a factorial design (organic amendments × mulches). The organic amendments consisted of compost from domestic organic residues, sewage sludge from an urban water treatment facility, and a control without amendment. The mulches consisted of gravel, woodchips, and a control without mulch. Modifications of the soil structure induced by the combinations of techniques were quantified by micromorphometric analysis of 2D porosity. Undisturbed soil cores were collected to determine the soil bulk density. Soil hydrological behaviour was determined by rainfall simulations. Samples from natural undisturbed soils surrounding the quarry were also taken as a reference. Restored soils with organic amendments have a higher total porosity than did nonamended substrates. Each restoration treatment combination resulted in a different pore system with very diverse hydrological responses. Organic amendments resulted in infiltration improvement and water erosion reduction. The woodchip mulch was more effective at trapping runoff and sediment, although this type of mulch did not favour vertical water movement towards deeper horizons. Therefore, the use of organic amendments should be encouraged in mine soil restoration and should be strongly recommended for its proven environmental benefits (enhancement of soil structure and infiltration and reduction of soil losses). However, the mulches did not produce the expected results in the tested arid–semiarid area.

中文翻译：

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有机改良剂和覆盖物可改善半干旱矿山土壤的孔隙度和入渗

受采矿活动影响的土壤的恢复取决于土壤物理质量的提高。这项研究旨在确定有机改良剂和覆盖物对土壤物理性质和土壤水文响应的中期影响。使用阶乘设计（有机修正×覆盖）在均质的斜坡上进行实验修复。有机修正包括生活有机残渣堆肥，城市水处理厂的污水污泥和未经修正的控制措施。覆盖物由碎石，木片和无覆盖物的对照组成。通过二维孔隙度的微观形态分析，量化了由技术组合引起的土壤结构的变化。收集未扰动的土壤核心以确定土壤容重。土壤水文行为通过降雨模拟确定。采石场周围未受干扰的天然土壤的样品也被作为参考。用有机改良剂修复的土壤的总孔隙度比未修正的基质高。每种修复处理组合都会导致不同的孔隙系统，并产生非常多样的水文响应。有机改性剂改善了渗透性并减少了水蚀。木片覆盖物更有效地截留径流和沉积物，尽管这种覆盖物并不有利于垂直水向更深层的运动。所以，在矿山土壤修复中应鼓励使用有机改良剂，并应强烈建议使用有机改良剂，以证明其已证实的环境效益（增强土壤结构和渗透性以及减少土壤流失）。但是，在经过测试的干旱-半干旱地区，覆盖物并未产生预期的结果。