How ecological niche breadth evolves is central to adaptation and speciation and has been a topic of perennial interest. Niche breadth evolution research has occurred within environmental, ecological, evolutionary, and biogeographical contexts, and although some generalities have emerged, critical knowledge gaps exist. Performance breadth trade-offs, although long invoked, may not be common determinants of niche breadth evolution or limits. Niche breadth can expand or contract from specialist or generalist lineages, and so specialization need not be an evolutionary dead end. Whether niche breadth determines diversification and distribution breadth and how niche breadth is partitioned among individuals and populations within a species are important but particularly understudied topics. Molecular genetic and phylogenetic techniques have greatly expanded understanding of niche breadth evolution, but field studies of how niche breadth evolves are essential for providing mechanistic details and allowing the de...

中文翻译：

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生态位广度的演变

生态位宽度如何演变是适应和物种形成的核心，并且一直是一个长期关注的话题。环境、生态、进化和生物地理学背景下发生了利基广度进化研究，虽然出现了一些普遍性，但仍存在关键的知识差距。性能广度权衡虽然长期以来一直被引用，但可能不是利基广度演变或限制的常见决定因素。利基广度可以从专家或通才谱系扩展或收缩，因此专业化不一定是进化的死胡同。生态位广度是否决定多样化和分布广度以及生态位广度如何在物种内的个体和种群之间分配是重要但特别未被研究的主题。