Ecological networks have a long history in ecology, and a recent increase in network analyses across environmental gradients has revealed important changes in their structure, dynamics, and functioning. These changes can be broadly grouped according to three nonexclusive mechanisms: (a) changes in the species composition of the networks (driven by interaction patterns of invaders, nonrandom extinction of species according to their traits, or differences among species in population responses across gradients); (b) changes that alter interaction frequencies via changes in search efficiency (driven by altered habitat structure or metabolic rates) or changes in spatial and temporal overlap; and (c) changes to coevolutionary processes and patterns. Taking spatial and temporal processes into account can further elucidate network variation and improve predictions of network responses to environmental change. Emerging evidence links network structure to ecosystem functioning; however, scaling up to metanetworks o...

中文翻译：

---

跨环境梯度的生态网络

生态网络在生态学中有着悠久的历史，最近对跨环境梯度的网络分析的增加揭示了其结构、动力学和功能的重要变化。这些变化可以根据三种非排他性机制大致分为：(a) 网络物种组成的变化（由入侵者的相互作用模式驱动，物种根据其特征非随机灭绝，或物种间种群响应跨梯度的差异） ; (b) 通过搜索效率的变化（由栖息地结构或代谢率的变化驱动）或空间和时间重叠的变化而改变交互频率的变化；(c) 共同进化过程和模式的变化。考虑空间和时间过程可以进一步阐明网络变化并改进网络对环境变化响应的预测。新出现的证据将网络结构与生态系统功能联系起来；然而，扩展到元网络...