Climate warming is predicted to alter the structure, stability, and functioning of food webs^1,2,3,4,5. Yet, despite the importance of soil food webs for energy and nutrient turnover in terrestrial ecosystems, the effects of warming on these food webs—particularly in combination with other global change drivers—are largely unknown. Here, we present results from two complementary field experiments that test the interactive effects of warming with forest canopy disturbance and drought on energy flux in boreal–temperate ecotonal forest soil food webs. The first experiment applied a simultaneous above- and belowground warming treatment (ambient, +1.7 °C, +3.4 °C) to closed-canopy and recently clear-cut forest, simulating common forest disturbance⁶. The second experiment crossed warming with a summer drought treatment (−40% rainfall) in the clear-cut habitats. We show that warming reduces energy flux to microbes, while forest canopy disturbance and drought facilitates warming-induced increases in energy flux to higher trophic levels and exacerbates the reduction in energy flux to microbes, respectively. Contrary to expectations, we find no change in whole-network resilience to perturbations, but significant losses in ecosystem functioning. Warming thus interacts with forest disturbance and drought, shaping the energetic structure of soil food webs and threatening the provisioning of multiple ecosystem functions in boreal–temperate ecotonal forests.

中文翻译：

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变暖会改变能量结构和功能，但不会改变土壤食物网的弹性

预计气候变暖会改变食物网的结构、稳定性和功能^1,2,3,4,5。然而，尽管土壤食物网对陆地生态系统的能量和养分周转很重要，但变暖对这些食物网的影响——尤其是与其他全球变化驱动因素相结合——在很大程度上是未知的。在这里，我们展示了两个互补的田间实验的结果，这些实验测试了变暖与森林冠层干扰和干旱对北方-温带生态系统森林土壤食物网能量通量的交互影响。第一个实验对封闭的树冠和最近砍伐的森林应用同时地上和地下变暖处理（环境温度，+1.7 °C，+3.4 °C），模拟常见的森林干扰⁶. 第二个实验在清晰的栖息地中将变暖与夏季干旱处理（-40% 降雨量）交叉。我们表明，变暖会降低微生物的能量通量，而森林冠层干扰和干旱分别促进了变暖引起的能量通量增加至更高的营养水平，并加剧了微生物能量通量的减少。与预期相反，我们发现整个网络对扰动的恢复能力没有变化，但生态系统功能出现重大损失。因此，变暖与森林干扰和干旱相互作用，塑造了土壤食物网的能量结构，并威胁到北方-温带生态系统森林中多种生态系统功能的供应。