Transcription factors (TFs) are at the center of the broad regulatory network orchestrating gene expression programs that elicit different biological responses. For a long time, TFs have been considered as potent drug targets due to their implications in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. At the same time, TFs, located at convergence points of cellular regulatory pathways, are powerful tools providing opportunities both for cell type change and for managing the state of cells. This task formulation requires the TF modulation problem to come to the fore. We review several ways to manage TF activity (small molecules, transfection, nanocarriers, protein-based approaches), analyzing their limitations and the possibilities to overcome them. Delivery of TFs could revolutionize the biomedical field. Whether this forecast comes true will depend on the ability to develop convenient technologies for targeted delivery of TFs.

转录因子（TFs）在广泛的调控网络协调着引起不同生物学反应的基因表达程序的中心。长期以来，由于TFs在多种疾病的发病机理中的影响，因此一直被认为是有效的药物靶标。同时，位于细胞调节途径汇合点的TFs是功能强大的工具，为细胞类型的变化和细胞状态的管理提供了机会。此任务制定要求将TF调制问题放在首位。我们回顾了几种管理TF活性的方法（小分子，转染，纳米载体，基于蛋白质的方法），分析了它们的局限性以及克服它们的可能性。TF的交付可能会彻底改变生物医学领域。