Phenylalanine and derivatives as versatile low-molecular-weight gelators: design, structure and tailored function,Biomaterials Science

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Phenylalanine and derivatives as versatile low-molecular-weight gelators: design, structure and tailored function
Biomaterials Science ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-03 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00882a
Tanmay Das _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Marleen Häring _{5,

6,

7,

8} , Debasish Haldar _{1,

2,

3,

4} , David Díaz Díaz _{5,

6,

7,

8,

9}

Affiliation

Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential amino acid classified as neutral and nonpolar due to the hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. In the field of materials science, the chemical modification of phenylalanine at C or N terminus has enabled to synthesize a large number of low-molecular-weight gelators over the past decade. Thus, many physical (or supramolecular) softgel materials have been fabricated by self-assembly of Phe-derived building blocks, which can be programmed with atomic level information and modification. The process of self-assembly and gelation must balance the parameters that influence the solubility as well as the contrasting forces that dictate epitaxial growth into entangled fibrillar aggregates. Gelator–gelator and solvent–gelator interactions are known to be highly important for the gelation process, and the non-covalent nature of these interactions provides physical gels with important properties such as reversible phase transitions and responsiveness towards external stimuli. Among other applications, these gels have been used for drug delivery, as extracellular matrix for tissue engineering, for oil spills recovery, removal of dyes, extraction of heavy metals or pollutants, and for the detection of explosives. In this tutorial review, we highlight the advances in the design, synthesis and applications of supramolecular gels made of Phe and derivatives.

中文翻译：

苯丙氨酸及其衍生物作为通用的低分子量胶凝剂：设计，结构和定制功能

苯丙氨酸（Phe）是必不可少的氨基酸，由于苄基侧链的疏水性而被分类为中性和非极性。在材料科学领域，在过去的十年中，苯丙氨酸在C或N末端的化学修饰已能够合成大量的低分子量胶凝剂。因此，许多物理（或超分子）软凝胶材料是通过自组装Phe衍生的构建基块来制造的，可以用原子能级信息和修饰对其进行编程。自组装和胶凝的过程必须平衡影响溶解度的参数以及决定外延生长成缠结纤维状聚集体的反作用力。众所周知，胶凝剂-胶凝剂和溶剂-胶凝剂的相互作用对于胶凝过程非常重要，这些相互作用的非共价性质为物理凝胶提供了重要的特性，例如可逆相变和对外部刺激的响应性。在其他应用中，这些凝胶已被用于药物输送，组织工程的细胞外基质，溢油回收，染料的去除，重金属或污染物的提取以及爆炸物的检测。在本教程的复习中，我们重点介绍了由Phe及其衍生物制成的超分子凝胶的设计，合成和应用方面的进展。用于溢油的回收，染料的去除，重金属或污染物的提取以及爆炸物的检测。在本教程的复习中，我们重点介绍了由Phe及其衍生物制成的超分子凝胶的设计，合成和应用方面的进展。用于溢油的回收，染料的去除，重金属或污染物的提取以及爆炸物的检测。在本教程的复习中，我们重点介绍了由Phe及其衍生物制成的超分子凝胶的设计，合成和应用方面的进展。

更新日期：2017-11-03

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