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Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ja90046e Simon Carter 1, 2, 3 , Andy Fisher 3, 4, 5, 6 , Bridget Gibson 3, 7, 8 , John Marshall 3, 9 , Ben Russell 3, 10, 11 , Ian Whiteside 3, 12
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ja90046e Simon Carter 1, 2, 3 , Andy Fisher 3, 4, 5, 6 , Bridget Gibson 3, 7, 8 , John Marshall 3, 9 , Ben Russell 3, 10, 11 , Ian Whiteside 3, 12
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This ASU review focuses on developments in applications of atomic spectrometry to the characterisation of metals, chemicals and materials. It is difficult to identify research trends solely from an annual review of the literature, but a certain perspective can be obtained from examining the developments described in recent years in this ASU review series. It is, for example, evident that there has been a decline in truly novel applications for the analysis of chemicals, perhaps indicative of the fact that, for most sample types, there is now an abundance of methods available in the literature. Those papers that have appeared in the year under review have either focused on specific problems not yet fully addressed (e.g. determination of Si in gasoline) or on incremental development of well-established approaches to sample preparation or measurement. Nevertheless, there has been a very noticeable increase in activity in relation to publication of methods for the characterisation of pharmaceuticals. This is directly linked to changes in the US Pharmacopeia requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use that require assessments to be made for trace element content. Laser-induced breakdown spectrometry is becoming widely employed for applications involving the characterisation of a wide variety of metals, materials and other solid sample types. Efforts are being made to overcome the perceived weaknesses of the technique, such as lack of sensitivity, elemental fractionation, accuracy and/or precision. Advances have been made, for example, using dual-pulse lasers to improve sensitivity, or by employing chemometrics methods with full spectrum data to improve the robustness of calibration. Many of these reported LIBS developments draw from, and have relevance for, applications involving LA-ICP-MS, which continues to be a popular means of generating highly sensitive lateral and depth profiling and bulk compositional information for a wide range of materials and solids. The use of field portable instrumentation for in situ analysis continues grow, with LIBS and XRF techniques amongst those most frequently cited. The development of such instrumentation has had a substantial impact in the examination of cultural heritage artefacts, especially in relation to paintings, wall murals and other objects of unique historical value. The latter area of application has also seen continued use of combinations of surface (SIMS, XPS, SEM-EDS, PIXE, GD and laser ablation methods) and bulk (ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AAS, XRF) analysis techniques to reveal details of objects that would not otherwise be identified (for example preparatory sketches hidden under original works of art or materials provenance). This trend towards using a multi-technique based approach has also been apparent in the characterisation of multi-layer or heterogeneous organic and inorganic materials and metals. Finally, methods for the analysis of nanoparticles and nanostructures have been reported, based primarily on single particle (SP)-ICP-MS and flow field flow fractionation (A4F). The investigation of methods of drift correction, the use of flow injection and isotope dilution methodologies in combination with SP-ICP-MS are indicative of the further development of this field.
中文翻译：
原子光谱法更新：审查金属，化学物质和材料的分析进展
这项ASU审查的重点是原子光谱法在金属，化学物质和材料的表征中的应用发展。仅从年度文献综述中很难确定研究趋势，但是通过检查近年来在该ASU综述系列中描述的发展情况，可以获得一定的观点。例如，很明显，用于化学分析的真正新颖的应用已有所减少，这可能表明以下事实：对于大多数样品类型，文献中现在有大量可用的方法。回顾年度出现的那些论文要么集中于尚未完全解决的特定问题（例如测定汽油中的硅）或逐步建立完善的样品制备或测量方法。然而，与用于表征药物的方法的公开有关的活性已经非常显着地增加。这与美国药典对人类用药品注册的要求的变化直接相关，要求对痕量元素含量进行评估。激光诱导击穿光谱法已被广泛用于涉及表征各种金属，材料和其他固体样品类型的应用中。人们正在努力克服该技术的已知弱点，例如缺乏灵敏度，元素分级分离，准确性和/或精确度。例如，已经取得了进步 使用双脉冲激光器以提高灵敏度，或通过采用化学计量学方法处理全光谱数据以提高校准的鲁棒性。这些已报道的LIBS开发中的许多进展都来自涉及LA-ICP-MS的应用，并且与之相关，LA-ICP-MS仍然是一种流行的方法，可为各种材料和固体生成高度敏感的横向和深度轮廓以及整体组成信息。使用现场便携式仪器进行 它仍然是一种流行的方法，可以为各种材料和固体生成高度敏感的横向和深度剖析以及大量成分信息。使用现场便携式仪器进行 它仍然是一种流行的方法，可以为各种材料和固体生成高度敏感的横向和深度剖析以及大量成分信息。使用现场便携式仪器进行原位随着LIBS和XRF技术在最常被引用的技术中，分析技术仍在继续增长。这种仪器的发展对文化遗产文物的检验产生了重大影响，特别是在绘画，壁画和其他具有独特历史价值的物体方面。后者的应用领域还继续使用表面（SIMS，XPS，SEM-EDS，PIXE，GD和激光烧蚀方法）和大量（ICP-OES，ICP-MS，AAS，XRF）分析技术的组合来揭示否则无法识别的对象的详细信息（例如，隐藏在原始艺术品或材料出处之下的准备草图）。使用多层技术的方法的趋势在多层或异质有机和无机材料和金属的表征中也很明显。最后，已经报道了主要基于单颗粒（SP）-ICP-MS和流场流动分馏（A4F）分析纳米颗粒和纳米结构的方法。与SP-ICP-MS结合使用的漂移校正方法，流动注射和同位素稀释方法的研究表明该领域的进一步发展。
更新日期：2017-11-02
中文翻译：
原子光谱法更新：审查金属，化学物质和材料的分析进展
这项ASU审查的重点是原子光谱法在金属，化学物质和材料的表征中的应用发展。仅从年度文献综述中很难确定研究趋势，但是通过检查近年来在该ASU综述系列中描述的发展情况，可以获得一定的观点。例如，很明显，用于化学分析的真正新颖的应用已有所减少，这可能表明以下事实：对于大多数样品类型，文献中现在有大量可用的方法。回顾年度出现的那些论文要么集中于尚未完全解决的特定问题（例如测定汽油中的硅）或逐步建立完善的样品制备或测量方法。然而，与用于表征药物的方法的公开有关的活性已经非常显着地增加。这与美国药典对人类用药品注册的要求的变化直接相关，要求对痕量元素含量进行评估。激光诱导击穿光谱法已被广泛用于涉及表征各种金属，材料和其他固体样品类型的应用中。人们正在努力克服该技术的已知弱点，例如缺乏灵敏度，元素分级分离，准确性和/或精确度。例如，已经取得了进步 使用双脉冲激光器以提高灵敏度，或通过采用化学计量学方法处理全光谱数据以提高校准的鲁棒性。这些已报道的LIBS开发中的许多进展都来自涉及LA-ICP-MS的应用，并且与之相关，LA-ICP-MS仍然是一种流行的方法，可为各种材料和固体生成高度敏感的横向和深度轮廓以及整体组成信息。使用现场便携式仪器进行 它仍然是一种流行的方法，可以为各种材料和固体生成高度敏感的横向和深度剖析以及大量成分信息。使用现场便携式仪器进行 它仍然是一种流行的方法，可以为各种材料和固体生成高度敏感的横向和深度剖析以及大量成分信息。使用现场便携式仪器进行原位随着LIBS和XRF技术在最常被引用的技术中，分析技术仍在继续增长。这种仪器的发展对文化遗产文物的检验产生了重大影响，特别是在绘画，壁画和其他具有独特历史价值的物体方面。后者的应用领域还继续使用表面（SIMS，XPS，SEM-EDS，PIXE，GD和激光烧蚀方法）和大量（ICP-OES，ICP-MS，AAS，XRF）分析技术的组合来揭示否则无法识别的对象的详细信息（例如，隐藏在原始艺术品或材料出处之下的准备草图）。使用多层技术的方法的趋势在多层或异质有机和无机材料和金属的表征中也很明显。最后，已经报道了主要基于单颗粒（SP）-ICP-MS和流场流动分馏（A4F）分析纳米颗粒和纳米结构的方法。与SP-ICP-MS结合使用的漂移校正方法，流动注射和同位素稀释方法的研究表明该领域的进一步发展。
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