Eucalyptus is one of the most important and highly exploited genus in family Myrtaceae. An UPLC/PDA/ESI-qTOF-MS method was adopted to identify Eucalyptus sideroxylon Cunn. ex Woolls leaves phytoconstituents. Cytotoxicity of E. sideroxylon leaves phloroglucinol-rich extract (PGRE) on VERO cells was determined. The antiviral effect of PGRE against hepatitis A (HAV), herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-I), herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-II), coxsackie (CoxB4), and adenoviruses was in vitro evaluated using MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). UPLC–MS analysis allowed the identification of 70 metabolites including: 26 triterpenes, 13 phloroglucinols, 8 fatty acids, 5 flavonoids, 5 oleuropeic acid glucosides, 3 gallic acid derivatives, and 10 miscellaneous. Twenty four metabolites identified in the leaves of E. sideroxylon and four in the genus Eucalyptus are reported herein for the first time. PGRE was found to be non-cytotoxic; the concentration that reduced the cell viability by 50% (CC₅₀) was 0.808 mg/mL. Maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) of PGRE on Vero cells was 0.312 mg/mL. The best antiviral activity was observed against HSV-II. Its mechanism was through decreasing the viral replication (IC₅₀ 189.36 μg/mL, 87.65% inhibition) and attachment on Vero cells (IC₅₀ 199.34 μg/mL, 83.13% inhibition) rather than virucidal effect (IC₅₀ 293.1 μg/mL, 50.68% inhibition). This study provides a complete map for E. sideroxylon leaves composition. It also suggests the plant as a source of new antiviral agents.

桉树是桃金娘科中最重要和最受开发利用的属之一。采用UPLC / PDA / ESI-qTOF-MS方法鉴定铁木桉。ex Woolls保留了植物成分。铁皮龙虾的细胞毒性测定了VERO细胞上的富含间苯三酚的叶提取物（PGRE）。使用MTT分析法体外评估了PGRE对甲型肝炎（HAV），1型单纯疱疹（HSV-I），2型单纯疱疹（HSV-II），柯萨奇（CoxB4）和腺病毒的抗病毒作用（3- [ 4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基] -2,5-二苯基溴化四唑）。UPLC-MS分析可鉴定70种代谢物，包括：26种三萜，13种间苯三酚，8种脂肪酸，5种类黄酮，5种橄榄酸苷，3种没食子酸衍生物和10种杂类。在本文中首次报道了在大铁棘叶中鉴定出的二十四种代谢产物和在桉树属中鉴定出的二十四种代谢产物。发现PGRE无细胞毒性；降低细胞活力50％的浓度（CC₅₀）为0.808 mg / mL。Vero细胞上PGRE的最大无毒浓度（MNTC）为0.312 mg / mL。观察到针对HSV-II的最佳抗病毒活性。其机制是通过减少病毒复制（IC ₅₀ 189.36μg/ mL，抑制87.65％）和附着在Vero细胞上（IC ₅₀ 199.34μg/ mL，抑制83.13％）而不是杀病毒作用（IC ₅₀ 293.1μg/ mL，50.68） ％ 抑制）。这项研究提供了一个完整的地图E. sideroxylon叶组成。这也表明该植物是新抗病毒药物的来源。