The Many Faces of Mixed Ion Perovskites: Unraveling and Understanding the Crystallization Process,ACS Energy Letters

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The Many Faces of Mixed Ion Perovskites: Unraveling and Understanding the Crystallization Process
ACS Energy Letters ( IF 19.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-01 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00981
Paul Gratia ₁ , Iwan Zimmermann ₁ , Pascal Schouwink ₁ , Jun-Ho Yum ₂ , Jean-Nicolas Audinot ₃ , Kevin Sivula ₂ , Tom Wirtz ₃ , Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin ₁

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Understanding the crystallization process of organic–inorganic halide perovskites is of paramount importance for fabrication of reproducible and efficient perovskite solar cells. We report for the first time on the discovery and interplay of ubiquitous hexagonal polytypes (6H and 4H) during the crystallization process of mixed ion perovskite, namely (FAPbI₃)_x(MAPbBr₃)_1–x. These polytypes, the first reported 3D hexagonal lead-halide-based perovskites, orchestrate a perovskite crystallization sequence revealed as 2H (delta phase)-4H-6H-3R(3C), commonly found among inorganic transition metal oxide perovskites under extreme conditions. We show that the chemical pressure arising from the incorporation of >3% Cs⁺ cations into the lattice successfully inhibits the formation of these environmentally sensitive polytypes, elucidating the origin of the widely reported improved device stability and reproducibility of Cs⁺-containing mixed ion perovskites.

中文翻译：

混合离子钙钛矿的许多面孔：阐明和理解结晶过程

理解有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿的结晶过程对于制造可再生，高效的钙钛矿太阳能电池至关重要。我们首次报道了在混合离子钙钛矿的结晶过程中，普遍存在的六边形多型体（6H和4H）的发现和相互作用，即（FAPbI ₃）_x（MAPbBr ₃）_{1- x}。这些多型体是第一个报道的基于3D六边形卤化铅的钙钛矿，它们编排的钙钛矿结晶顺序为2H（δ相）-4H-6H-3R（3C），通常在极端条件下的无机过渡金属氧化物钙钛矿中发现。我们表明，> 3％Cs ⁺的掺入引起的化学压力进入晶格的阳离子成功地抑制了这些对环境敏感的多型的形成，从而阐明了广泛报道的改进的器件稳定性和含Cs ⁺的混合离子钙钛矿的可重复性的起源。

更新日期：2017-11-02

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