Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae are among the most common pathogens of the human urinary tract. Among the genetic gains of function associated with urinary E. coli isolates is the Yersinia high pathogenicity island (HPI), which directs the biosynthesis of yersiniabactin (Ybt), a virulence-associated metallophore. Using a metabolomics approach, we found that E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae expressing the Yersinia HPI also secrete escherichelin, a second metallophore whose chemical structure matches a known synthetic inhibitor of the virulence-associated pyochelin siderophore system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We detected escherichelin during clinical E. coli urinary tract infection (UTI) and experimental human colonization with a commensal, potentially probiotic E. coli bacteriuria strain. Escherichelin production by colonizing enterobacteria may help human hosts resist opportunistic infections by Pseudomonas and other pyochelin-expressing bacteria. This siderophore-based mechanism of microbial antagonism may be one of many elements contributing to the protective effects of the human microbiome. Future UTI-preventive probiotic strains may benefit by retaining the escherichelin biosynthetic capacity of the Yersinia HPI while eliminating the Ybt biosynthetic capacity.

中文翻译：

---

肠杆菌在临床菌尿过程中分泌一种假单胞菌毒力抑制剂

大肠杆菌和其他肠杆菌科细菌是人类泌尿道最常见的病原体之一。在与尿E相关的功能的遗传增益中。大肠杆菌分离株是耶尔森氏菌高致病性岛（HPI），它指导耶尔森菌素（Ybt）的生物合成，一种与毒力相关的金属团。使用代谢组学方法，我们发现E. 大肠杆菌和其他表达耶尔森菌 HPI 的肠杆菌科细菌也分泌大肠埃希菌素，这是一种第二金属载体，其化学结构与铜绿假单胞菌中与毒力相关的脓毒蛋白铁载体系统的已知合成抑制剂相匹配. 我们在临床大肠杆菌中检测到了大肠埃希菌素。大肠杆菌尿路感染 (UTI) 和实验性人类定植于共生的、潜在的益生菌大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌菌尿菌株。通过定植肠杆菌产生大肠埃希菌素可以帮助人类宿主抵抗假单胞菌和其他表达菌素的细菌的机会性感染。这种基于铁载体的微生物拮抗机制可能是有助于人类微生物组保护作用的众多因素之一。未来的预防尿路感染的益生菌菌株可能会受益于保留耶尔森菌HPI 的大肠埃希菌素生物合成能力，同时消除 Ybt 生物合成能力。