Exposure to pesticides has been associated with neurodevelopmental toxicity. Usually people are exposed to mixtures of pesticides. However, most studies analyze the effects of individual pesticides. Developmental exposure to mixtures of pesticides may result in additive effects or in antagonistic or synergistic effects. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of developmental exposure of rats to cypermethrin or endosulfan with the effects of its mixture on cognitive and motor function and on some underlying mechanisms. Exposure to individual pesticides or the mixture was from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21. We analyzed the effects, in males and females, on spatial learning and memory, associative learning, anxiety, motor coordination, and spontaneous motor activity. We also analyzed neuroinflammation and NMDA receptor subunits in hippocampus and extracellular GABA in cerebellum. Exposure to the mixture, but not to individual pesticides, impaired spatial memory in males, associative learning in females, and increased motor activity in males and females. This indicates a synergistic effect of cypermethrin and endolsufan exposure on these end points. In contrast, motor coordination was impaired by individual exposure to endosulfan or cypermethrin, associated with increased extracellular GABA in cerebellum, but these effects were prevented in rats exposed to the mixture, indicating an antagonistic effect of cypermethrin and endolsufan exposure on these end points. The results show different interaction modes (synergism or antagonism) of the pesticides, depending on the end point analyzed and the sex of the rats.

中文翻译：

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硫丹和氯氰菊酯农药混合物对发育暴露的大鼠产生协同或拮抗作用，具体取决于分析的行为或神经化学终点

接触农药与神经发育毒性有关。通常人们会接触到农药混合物。但是，大多数研究都分析了单个农药的作用。暴露于农药混合物的发育暴露可能导致加成效应或拮抗或协同效应。这项工作的目的是比较大鼠发育过程中氯氰菊酯或硫丹的影响及其混合物对认知和运动功能以及某些潜在机制的影响。从妊娠的第7天到出生后的第21天，接触各种农药或混合物。我们分析了男性和女性对空间学习和记忆，联想学习，焦虑，运动协调和自发运动活动的影响。我们还分析了海马和小脑细胞外GABA的神经炎症和NMDA受体亚基。暴露于混合物而不是单独使用农药会损害男性的空间记忆，女性的联想学习以及男性和女性的运动能力增加。这表明氯氰菊酯和endolsufan暴露对这些终点有协同作用。相比之下，单独暴露于硫丹或氯氰菊酯会损害运动协调性，与小脑细胞外GABA升高有关，但暴露于该混合物的大鼠可预防这些作用，表明氯氰菊酯和内啡肽对这些终点的拮抗作用。结果表明，取决于所分析的终点和大鼠的性别，农药的相互作用方式（协同作用或拮抗作用）不同。