Background

Globally, significant amounts of agro-food residues are generated, most of which are burned as waste disposal. Given the abundance of this biomass, it can be used as raw material for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals through biochemical conversion. Research in this field has gained importance given concerns regarding limitation of fossil resources, environmental problems and sustainability and preference towards natural, biodegradable and environmentally friendly products. Furthermore, the accessibility of alternative substrate sources for fermentative production of these high-value products has been one of the primary goals of industrial biotechnology research in the past two decades.

Scope and approach

The present review is focused in the production of high value products through microbial fermentation of sugars from agro-food residues. Research in this field is interesting due to concerns regarding limitation of fossil resources. On the one hand, for the production of these bioproducts it is important the accessibility of alternative substrate and, on the other hand, the selection of the right microorganism to obtain the desired product. For this reason, the novelty of the present work is that details all different bioproducts which can be obtained through fermentation of sugars derived from agro-food residues, describing raw materials, pretreatments, mode of operation, conditions and microorganisms used, together with the production yields.

Key findings and conclusions

The use of renewable and environmentally sustainable agro-food residues as raw material for the production of bio-based products has gained interest recently. For this purpose, the application of a suitable pretreatment to improve biomass digestibility and the optimization of biomass hydrolysis for the production of fermentable sugars is crucial to make bio-based products competitive with petroleum-based ones. The combination of pretreatments together with the employment of microorganisms tolerant to inhibitors generated during the pretreatment or able to ferment pentose sugars in hydrolysates have turned out to be interesting approaches. Regarding hydrolysis and fermentation, SHF and SSF are the predominant strategies, although CBP and SSCF have gained recognition recently. The final bioproduct cost depends on the productivity, yield per quantity of substrate, cost of raw material and the recovery method. In this way, for the commercialization of these bioproducts, some technical challenges are still needed, including the reduction of the pretreatments and enzymes costs, the design of strains with tailored capabilities, downstream processes optimization, waste treatment, etc.

中文翻译：

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源自农业食品残留物的糖类发酵产生的增值产品

背景

在全球范围内，产生了大量的农业食品残留物，其中大部分作为废物处理而燃烧。鉴于这种生物质的丰富性，它可以用作通过生物化学转化生产生物燃料和有价值的化学药品的原料。考虑到对化石资源的局限性，环境问题和可持续性以及对天然，可生物降解和环保产品的偏爱，人们对该领域的研究变得越来越重要。此外，过去二十年来，用于发酵生产这些高价值产品的替代底物来源的可及性一直是工业生物技术研究的主要目标之一。

范围和方法

本综述的重点是通过微生物发酵从农业食品残留物中制糖生产高价值产品。由于对化石资源的限制，该领域的研究很有趣。一方面，对于这些生物产物的生产，重要的是可替代底物的可及性，另一方面，选择合适的微生物以获得所需的产物是重要的。因此，本发明的新颖之处在于详细介绍了所有可通过发酵从农产品残渣中提取的糖而获得的不同生物产品，并描述了原料，预处理，操作方式，使用的条件和微生物以及生产方法。产量。

主要发现和结论

使用可再生和环境可持续的农业食品残留物作为生产生物基产品的原料近来引起了人们的兴趣。为此目的，应用合适的预处理来改善生物质的可消化性和优化生物质水解以生产可发酵糖对于使生物基产品与石油基产品具有竞争力至关重要。预处理与使用耐受在预处理期间产生的抑制剂或能够在水解产物中发酵戊糖的微生物的组合已被证明是有趣的方法。关于水解和发酵，尽管最近CBP和SSCF得到了认可，但SHF和SSF是主要策略。最终的生物产品成本取决于生产率，每单位基材的产量，原材料成本和回收方法。这样，对于这些生物产品的商业化，仍然需要一些技术挑战，包括减少预处理和酶的成本，设计具有定制能力的菌株，优化下游工艺，废物处理等。