Heat transfer behavior of a steel ladle filled with molten steel is comprehensively analyzed for subsequent design of the matched thermoelectric devices. Considering the influence of the flow and thermal stratification of molten steel on heat dissipation, a mathematical model that describes both the inner transient flow and heat transfer of molten steel and the outer heat dissipation of ladle wall and slag is established. An innovative two-step method is applied to make the simulation accord with actual industrial process. The results show the non-uniform temperature and natural convection of molten steel has a significant effect on the heat transfer of wall and slag but a weak effect on temperature variation and heat dissipation of the surfaces. The steel ladle can be considered as a steady heat source. Moreover, the heat loss of sidewall is the main path of ladle’s and accounts for more than half of the total. Besides, radiation is the main form of heat dissipation. The surface temperature distribution in the vertical direction of the sidewall has a large difference. However, the region of sidewall surface under slag line is with a high and relatively uniform temperature and is conducive to the stability of thermoelectric conversion. Finally, a primary solution of waste-heat utilization of steel ladle is proposed.

全面分析了装有钢水的钢包的传热行为，以用于匹配的热电装置的后续设计。考虑到钢水流动和热分层对散热的影响，建立了描述钢水内部瞬态流动和传热以及钢包壁和钢渣外部散热的数学模型。应用创新的两步法使仿真与实际工业过程相吻合。结果表明，钢水温度和自然对流的不均匀性对壁和炉渣的传热有显着影响，而对温度变化和表面的散热则影响不大。钢包可以视为稳定的热源。而且，侧壁的热损失是钢包的主要路径，占钢包总热量的一半以上。此外，辐射是散热的主要形式。侧壁的垂直方向上的表面温度分布具有较大的差异。但是，炉渣线下方的侧壁表面区域温度较高且相对均匀，有利于热电转换的稳定性。最后，提出了钢包余热利用的主要解决方案。渣线下的侧壁表面区域温度较高且相对均匀，有利于热电转化的稳定性。最后，提出了钢包余热利用的主要解决方案。渣线下的侧壁表面区域温度较高且相对均匀，有利于热电转化的稳定性。最后，提出了钢包余热利用的主要解决方案。