The enormous complexity of the central nervous system has impeded its systemic exploration for decades but powerful "omic" technologies are now pushing forward the frontiers of neuroscience research at an increasing pace. This Primer reviews the most recent progress in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, focusing on the analysis of whole proteomes, protein-based interactions, and post-translational modifications. We also discuss how advanced workflows help to unravel spatial, regulatory, and temporal aspects of neuronal systems. These tools and approaches have already led to detailed and quantitative proteomic maps of the brain and its signaling architecture, generating new insights into health and disease. We predict that these new approaches will also accelerate biomarker discovery and contribute to novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative and other brain-related diseases.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质组学在神经科学中的概念和应用入门。

中枢神经系统的巨大复杂性阻碍了其数十年来的系统探索，但是强大的“组学”技术现在正以越来越快的速度推动神经科学研究的前沿。本入门指南回顾了基于质谱（MS）的蛋白质组学的最新进展，重点是对整个蛋白质组，基于蛋白质的相互作用和翻译后修饰的分析。我们还将讨论高级工作流如何帮助揭示神经系统的空间，调节和时间方面。这些工具和方法已经导致了大脑及其信号传导结构的详细而定量的蛋白质组图，从而产生了对健康和疾病的新见解。