Abstract Ultrafast molecular separation (UMS) membranes are highly selective towards active organic molecules such as antibiotics, amino acids and proteins that are 0.5–5 nm wide while lacking a phase transition and requiring a low energy input to achieve high speed separation. These advantages are the keys for deploying UMS membranes in a plethora of industries, including petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical, and water treatment industries, especially for dilute system separations. Most recently, advanced nanotechnology and cutting-edge nanomaterials have been combined with membrane separation technologies to generate tremendous potential for accelerating the development of UMS membranes. It is therefore critical to update the broader scientific community on the important advances in this exciting, interdisciplinary field. This review emphasizes the unique separation capabilities of UMS membranes, theories underpinning UMS membranes, traditional polymeric materials and nanomaterials emerging on the horizon for advanced UMS membrane fabrication and technical applications to address the existing knowledge gap. This work includes detailed discussions regarding existing challenges, as well as perspectives on this promising field.

中文翻译：

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迈向可持续的超快分子分离膜：从传统聚合物到新兴材料

摘要 超快分子分离 (UMS) 膜对 0.5-5 nm 宽的活性有机分子（如抗生素、氨基酸和蛋白质）具有高度选择性，同时缺乏相变并且需要低能量输入来实现高速分离。这些优势是在众多行业中部署 UMS 膜的关键，包括石化、食品、制药和水处理行业，尤其​​是稀释系统分离。最近，先进的纳米技术和尖端的纳米材料与膜分离技术相结合，为加速 UMS 膜的发展产生了巨大的潜力。因此，让更广泛的科学界了解这一令人兴奋的跨学科领域的重要进展至关重要。这篇综述强调了 UMS 膜的独特分离能力、支撑 UMS 膜的理论、传统聚合物材料和纳米材料在先进 UMS 膜制造和技术应用中出现的地平线上，以解决现有的知识差距。这项工作包括对现有挑战的详细讨论，以及对这个有前途的领域的看法。