The wetting of solid surfaces using liquid droplets has been studied since the early 1800s. Thomas Young and Pierre-Simon Laplace investigated the wetting properties, as well as the role of the contact angle and the coupling of a liquid and solid, on the contact angle formation. The geometry of a sessile droplet is relatively simple. However, it is sufficiently complex to be applied for solving and prediction of real-life situations (for example, metallic inks for inkjet printing, the spreading of pesticides on leaves, the dropping of whole blood, the spreading of blood serum, and drying for medical applications). Moreover, when taking into account both wetting and evaporation, a simple droplet becomes a very complex problem, and has been investigated by a number of researchers worldwide. The complexity is mainly due to the physics involved, the full coupling with the substrate upon which the drop is deposited, the atmosphere surrounding the droplet, and the nature of the fluid (pure fluid, bi- or multi-phase mixtures, or even fluids containing colloids and/or nano-particles). This review presents the physics involved during droplet wetting and evaporation by focusing on the evaporation dynamics, the flow motion, the vapour behaviour, the surface tension, and the wetting properties.

中文翻译：

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液滴润湿和蒸发的最新进展

自1800年代初期以来，就一直在研究使用液滴润湿固体表面的方法。托马斯·杨（Thomas Young）和皮埃尔·西蒙·拉普拉斯（Pierre-Simon Laplace）研究了润湿特性，以及接触角以及液体和固体之间的耦合对接触角形成的作用。无柄液滴的几何形状相对简单。但是，它足够复杂，无法用于解决和预测现实情况（例如，用于喷墨打印的金属油墨，农药在叶子上的散布，全血的滴落，血清的散布以及干燥等）。医疗应用）。而且，当兼顾润湿和蒸发时，简单的液滴成为非常复杂的问题，并且已经被全球许多研究人员进行了研究。复杂性主要是由于所涉及的物理原因，与液滴在其上沉积的基材的完全耦合，液滴周围的气氛以及流体的性质（纯流体，双相或多相混合物，甚至是包含胶体和/或纳米粒子的流体）。这篇综述通过关注蒸发动力学，流动运动，蒸气行为，表面张力和润湿特性，介绍了液滴润湿和蒸发过程中涉及的物理原理。