The brain has the ability to sense, coordinate, and respond to environmental changes through biological processes involving activity-dependent gene expression. cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs) have recently emerged as novel transcriptional regulators of essential biological functions, while their deregulation is linked to age-related human diseases. In the brain, CRTCs are unique signaling factors that act as sensors and integrators of hormonal, metabolic, and neural signals contributing to brain plasticity and brain-body communication. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms and functions of CRTCs in brain metabolism, lifespan, circadian rhythm, and synaptic mechanisms underlying memory and emotion. We also discuss how CRTCs deregulation in cognitive and emotional disorders may provide the basis for potential clinical and therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.

中文翻译：

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CREB ​​调节的转录共激活因子在脑生理学和病理学中的新兴作用

大脑具有通过涉及活动依赖性基因表达的生物过程来感知、协调和响应环境变化的能力。cAMP 反应元件结合蛋白 (CREB) 调节的转录共激活因子 (CRTC) 最近已成为基本生物学功能的新型转录调节因子，而它们的失调与年龄相关的人类疾病有关。在大脑中，CRTC 是独特的信号因子，可作为激素、代谢和神经信号的传感器和集成器，有助于大脑的可塑性和脑-体交流。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 CRTC 在大脑代谢、寿命、昼夜节律以及记忆和情绪背后的突触机制中的调节机制和功能。