Antibodies play an essential role in host defence against pathogens by recognizing microorganisms or infected cells. Although preventing pathogen entry is one potential mechanism of protection, antibodies can control and eradicate infections through a variety of other mechanisms. In addition to binding and directly neutralizing pathogens, antibodies drive the clearance of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites via their interaction with the innate and adaptive immune systems, leveraging a remarkable diversity of antimicrobial processes locked within our immune system. Specifically, antibodies collaboratively form immune complexes that drive sequestration and uptake of pathogens, clear toxins, eliminate infected cells, increase antigen presentation and regulate inflammation. The diverse effector functions that are deployed by antibodies are dynamically regulated via differential modification of the antibody constant domain, which provides specific instructions to the immune system. Here, we review mechanisms by which antibody effector functions contribute to the balance between microbial clearance and pathology and discuss tractable lessons that may guide rational vaccine and therapeutic design to target gaps in our infectious disease armamentarium.

中文翻译：

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超越结合：抗体效应物在传染病中的功能

通过识别微生物或感染的细胞，抗体在宿主对抗病原体的防御中起着至关重要的作用。尽管防止病原体进入是一种潜在的保护机制，但抗体可以通过多种其他机制控制和根除感染。除了结合并直接中和病原体外，抗体还通过与先天性和适应性免疫系统的相互作用来驱动细菌，病毒，真菌和寄生虫的清除，从而充分利用了锁定在我们免疫系统中的多种抗菌过程。具体而言，抗体协同形成免疫复合物，从而驱使病原体隔离和吸收，清除毒素，消除感染的细胞，增加抗原呈递并调节炎症。通过抗体恒定域的差异修饰，可以动态调节抗体所发挥的多种效应子功能，从而为免疫系统提供了特定的指导。在这里，我们回顾了抗体效应子功能有助于微生物清除与病理之间平衡的机制，并讨论了可指导合理的疫苗和治疗设计以针对我们的传染病武器库中的缺口的易学课程。