The application of a direct current, regardless of its polarity, can significantly improve the wettability of ZrO₂–8 mol% Y₂O₃ (YSZ) by molten Cu at 1373 K, and this effect was more pronounced when YSZ was connected to cathode. The mechanisms for the wetting improvement varied with the change in the current polarity. When YSZ was connected to the cathode, the oxygen ions in the YSZ body driven by the external electric power moved to the solid–liquid interface and dissolved into liquid Cu, forming OCu clusters. As a consequence, the solid–liquid interfacial energy and liquid surface tension were greatly reduced and wettability improved. On the other hand, when YSZ was connected to anode, the improvement in the wettability was mainly driven by the formation of nonstoichiometric zirconia and metallic Zr at the interface. Nevertheless, the newly formed ZrO₂ at the triple line region inhibited further spreading of liquid front.

无论极性如何，施加直流电都可以显着改善ZrO ₂ –8 mol％Y ₂ O ₃（YSZ）在1373 K时被熔融Cu的润湿性，并且当YSZ连接到阴极时，这种影响更加明显。改善润湿性的机制随电流极性的变化而变化。当YSZ连接到阴极时，由外部电力驱动的YSZ体内的氧离子移动到固液界面并溶解在液态Cu中，形成O铜簇。结果，固液界面能和液体表面张力大大降低，润湿性得到改善。另一方面，当YSZ连接到阳极时，润湿性的提高主要是由于在界面处形成了非化学计量的氧化锆和金属Zr。然而，在三线区域新形成的ZrO ₂抑制了液体前沿的进一步扩散。