The 21st century is witnessing a revolution in understanding the composition of human exhaled breath more deeply, as the “breathe-print” can provide significant information of various diseases and disorders. This review elucidates various breath analytical techniques applied in medical diagnosis. A quick, portable, simple, accurate, non-invasive and relatively inexpensive approach of this technique is the reason of its evolution as a new frontier in disease diagnosis. This review emphasizes on breath biomarkers and traditional approaches in techniques used for breath biosensors like GC–MS, SIFT-MS, PTR-MS, IMS, Optical Absorption, Sensor Arrays and Electronic noses along with other new approaches such as Enzyme Immunoassay, Fluorescent Bead Immunoassays, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Antibody Microarray. It also includes the approaches using nanotechnology to improve the sensitivity and portability of breath biosensors. Still there is a lack of sensitive, standardized and accurate technique for the validation of biosensor. Hence future research is needed to overcome the loopholes in the present techniques.

21世纪正在见证一场革命，人们将更加深刻地了解人类呼出气的组成，因为“呼吸图”可以提供有关各种疾病和失调的重要信息。这篇综述阐明了在医学诊断中应用的各种呼吸分析技术。该技术的快速，便携式，简单，准确，无创且相对便宜的方法是其发展成为疾病诊断的新领域的原因。这篇综述着重介绍了呼吸生物标记物和用于呼吸生物传感器的技术中的传统方法，例如GC-MS，SIFT-MS，PTR-MS，IMS，光学吸收，传感器阵列和电子鼻以及其他新方法，例如酶免疫测定，荧光珠免疫测定，聚合酶链反应，抗体芯片。它还包括使用纳米技术改善呼吸生物传感器的灵敏度和便携性的方法。仍然缺乏灵敏，标准化和准确的技术来验证生物传感器。因此，需要进一步的研究来克服当前技术中的漏洞。