Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are among the most promising candidates for the next-generation energy storage systems. However, challenges regarding the limited sulfur content and areal sulfur loading in the cathode lead to a low areal capacity that cannot even outperform state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, which greatly offsets the high-energy advantage of Li-S batteries and further hinders their practical use. Here, we theoretically indicated that the electronic conduction efficiency of the sulfur host nanomaterial plays a crucial role in determining the sulfur content, and a highly efficient single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) conductive network was constructed for our proof-of-concept studies, resulting in an unprecedentedly high sulfur content up to 95 wt%. The interwoven SWCNTs not only provide abundant paths for electron and lithium ion transport, but also facilitate polysulfides trapping during sulfur conversion reactions. As a result, a high areal capacity of 8.63 mA h cm⁻² was obtained with a high areal sulfur loading of 7.2 mg cm⁻², much higher than that of lithium-ion batteries (4 mA h cm⁻²). Our approach demonstrates a new design concept for the electrode materials of high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries and could possibly be extended to other electrochemical energy storage systems.

锂硫（Li-S）电池是下一代储能系统最有希望的候选者之一。然而，关于有限的硫含量和阴极中的区域硫负载的挑战导致了较低的区域容量，甚至无法超过最新的锂离子电池，这大大抵消了Li-S电池的高能优势并进一步阻碍了它们的实际使用。在这里，我们从理论上表明，硫主体纳米材料的电子传导效率在确定硫含量方面起着至关重要的作用，并且为我们的概念验证研究构建了高效的单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）导电网络，导致前所未有的高硫含量，最高可达95 wt％。交织的SWCNT不仅为电子和锂离子的运输提供了丰富的路径，而且还促进了硫转化反应过程中的多硫化物捕集。结果，面积面积为8.63 mA h cm^-2用7.2毫克厘米高面积硫负载获得^-2，比的锂离子电池（4毫安高厘米高得多^-2）。我们的方法展示了一种用于高能量密度锂硫电池电极材料的新设计概念，并且可能会扩展到其他电化学储能系统。