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Allele-Specific HLA Loss and Immune Escape in Lung Cancer Evolution.
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-Nov-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.001
Nicholas McGranahan 1 , Rachel Rosenthal 1 , Crispin T Hiley 2 , Andrew J Rowan 3 , Thomas B K Watkins 3 , Gareth A Wilson 4 , Nicolai J Birkbak 4 , Selvaraju Veeriah 1 , Peter Van Loo 5 , Javier Herrero 6 , Charles Swanton 4 ,
Affiliation  

Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer. Losing the ability to present neoantigens through human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loss may facilitate immune evasion. However, the polymorphic nature of the locus has precluded accurate HLA copy-number analysis. Here, we present loss of heterozygosity in human leukocyte antigen (LOHHLA), a computational tool to determine HLA allele-specific copy number from sequencing data. Using LOHHLA, we find that HLA LOH occurs in 40% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and is associated with a high subclonal neoantigen burden, APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis, upregulation of cytolytic activity, and PD-L1 positivity. The focal nature of HLA LOH alterations, their subclonal frequencies, enrichment in metastatic sites, and occurrence as parallel events suggests that HLA LOH is an immune escape mechanism that is subject to strong microenvironmental selection pressures later in tumor evolution. Characterizing HLA LOH with LOHHLA refines neoantigen prediction and may have implications for our understanding of resistance mechanisms and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting neoantigens. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

中文翻译:


肺癌进化中等位基因特异性 HLA 丢失和免疫逃逸。



免疫逃避是癌症的一个标志。由于人类白细胞抗原 (HLA) 损失而丧失呈递新抗原的能力可能会促进免疫逃避。然而,该位点的多态性阻碍了准确的 HLA 拷贝数分析。在这里,我们提出了人类白细胞抗原 (LOHHLA) 杂合性丢失的情况,这是一种根据测序数据确定 HLA 等位基因特异性拷贝数的计算工具。使用 LOHHLA,我们发现 HLA LOH 发生在 40% 的非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 中,并且与高亚克隆新抗原负荷、APOBEC 介导的突变、细胞溶解活性上调和 PD-L1 阳性相关。 HLA LOH 改变的焦点性质、亚克隆频率、转移位点的富集以及平行事件的发生表明 HLA LOH 是一种免疫逃逸机制,在肿瘤进化后期会受到强大的微环境选择压力的影响。用 LOHHLA 表征 HLA LOH 可以完善新抗原预测,并可能对我们理解耐药机制和针对新抗原的免疫治疗方法产生影响。视频摘要。
更新日期:2017-10-27
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