This work demonstrates the role of Mn as an effective sintering aid in Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) is a result of the concomitant reduction of activation energies and change of interfacial energies caused by Mn segregation. Kissinger analyses of the heat of sintering showed a decrease in activation energy from 219.9 kJ/mol for YSZ to 103.4 kJ/mol for YSZ containing 3-mol% Mn. Direct microcalorimetry analyses showed that the average surface and grain boundary energies of YSZ decreased from 0.94 and 0.71 J/m², respectively, to 0.70 and 0.17 J/m² for 3-mol% Mn doped YSZ. The decrease in the ratio between surface and grain boundary energies indicates an increase in dihedral angle from 137.5° to 166.6°, meaning an increase in sintering stress. Segregation of manganese to grain boundaries was experimentally observed and is discussed to be responsible for both kinetic and thermodynamic changes in the system while suggesting interconnection by the thermodynamic extremal principle.

这项工作证明了锰在氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）中作为有效烧结助剂的作用是由于锰偏析引起的活化能降低和界面能变化的结果。基辛格对烧结热的分析表明，活化能从YSZ的219.9 kJ / mol降至含3 mol％Mn的YSZ的103.4 kJ / mol。直接微量热分析表明，YSZ的平均表面能和晶界能分别从0.94和0.71 J / m ²降低到0.70和0.17 J / m ²用于3摩尔％Mn掺杂的YSZ。表面能和晶界能之比的减小表明二面角从137.5°增加到166.6°，这意味着烧结应力增加。通过实验观察到锰偏析到晶界，并讨论了锰负责系统中的动力学和热力学变化，同时暗示通过热力学极值原理相互连接。