Disruption of host membranes by nonenveloped viruses, which allows the nucleocapsid or genome to enter the cytosol, is a mechanistically diverse process. Although the membrane-penetrating agents are usually small, hydrophobic or amphipathic peptides deployed from the capsid interior during entry, their manner of membrane interaction varies substantially. In this review, we discuss recent data about the molecular pathways for externalization of viral peptides amidst conformational alterations in the capsid, as well as mechanisms of membrane penetration, which is influenced by structural features of the peptides themselves as well as physicochemical properties of membranes, and other host factors. The membrane-penetrating components of nonenveloped viruses constitute an interesting class of cell-penetrating peptides, and may have potential therapeutic value for gene transfer.

非包膜病毒破坏宿主膜的过程是一个机制多样的过程，使核衣壳或基因组进入细胞质。尽管膜穿透剂通常是在进入过程中从衣壳内部展开的小的，疏水或两亲性肽，但它们的膜相互作用方式却大不相同。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关衣壳中构象改变中病毒肽外在化的分子途径的最新数据，以及膜渗透的机制，该机制受肽本身的结构特征以及膜的理化特性的影响，和其他宿主因素。非包膜病毒的膜穿透成分构成一类有趣的细胞穿透肽，