The brain changes as we age and these changes are associated with functional deterioration and neurodegenerative disease. It is vital that we better understand individual differences in the brain ageing process; hence, techniques for making individualised predictions of brain ageing have been developed. We present evidence supporting the use of neuroimaging-based 'brain age' as a biomarker of an individual's brain health. Increasingly, research is showing how brain disease or poor physical health negatively impacts brain age. Importantly, recent evidence shows that having an 'older'-appearing brain relates to advanced physiological and cognitive ageing and the risk of mortality. We discuss controversies surrounding brain age and highlight emerging trends such as the use of multimodality neuroimaging and the employment of 'deep learning' methods.

中文翻译：

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使用神经成像预测年龄：创新的脑衰老生物标志物

大脑随着年龄的增长而变化，这些变化与功能退化和神经退行性疾病有关。更好地了解大脑衰老过程中的个体差异至关重要；因此，已经开发了对大脑衰老进行个性化预测的技术。我们提供的证据支持使用基于神经影像的“脑年龄”作为个体大脑健康的生物标志物。越来越多的研究表明，脑部疾病或身体健康状况不佳如何对大脑年龄产生负面影响。重要的是，最近的证据表明，看起来“更老”的大脑与生理和认知老化以及死亡风险有关。我们讨论了围绕脑年龄的争议，并强调了新兴趋势，例如多模态神经影像学的使用和“