Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic network of macromolecules, playing a regulatory role in cell functions, tissue regeneration and remodeling. Wound healing is a tissue repair process necessary for the maintenance of the functionality of tissues and organs. This highly orchestrated process is divided into four temporally overlapping phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. The dynamic interplay between ECM and resident cells exerts its critical role in many aspects of wound healing, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, matrix degradation and biosynthesis. Several epigenetic regulatory factors, such as the endogenous non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), are the drivers of the wound healing response. microRNAs have pivotal roles in regulating ECM composition during wound healing and dermal regeneration. Their expression is associated with the distinct phases of wound healing and they serve as target biomarkers and targets for systematic regulation of wound repair. In this article we critically present the importance of epigenetics with particular emphasis on miRNAs regulating ECM components (i.e. glycoproteins, proteoglycans and matrix proteases) that are key players in wound healing. The clinical relevance of miRNA targeting as well as the delivery strategies designed for clinical applications are also presented and discussed.

细胞外基质（ECM）是大分子的动态网络，在细胞功能，组织再生和重塑中起调节作用。伤口愈合是维持组织和器官功能所必需的组织修复过程。这个高度协调的过程分为四个时间重叠的阶段，包括止血，炎症，增殖和组织重塑。ECM和驻留细胞之间的动态相互作用在伤口愈合的许多方面发挥着关键作用，包括细胞增殖，迁移，分化，存活，基质降解和生物合成。几种表观遗传调控因子，例如内源性非编码microRNA（miRNA），是伤口愈合反应的驱动因素。在伤口愈合和皮肤再生过程中，microRNA在调节ECM组成方面起着关键作用。它们的表达与伤口愈合的不同阶段相关，并且它们充当靶标生物标志物和系统地调节伤口修复的靶标。在本文中，我们批判性地提出了表观遗传学的重要性，特别强调了调控ECM成分（即糖蛋白，蛋白聚糖和基质蛋白酶）的miRNA，这些成分是伤口愈合的关键因素。还介绍和讨论了miRNA靶向的临床相关性以及为临床应用设计的递送策略。在本文中，我们批判性地提出了表观遗传学的重要性，特别强调了调控ECM成分（即糖蛋白，蛋白聚糖和基质蛋白酶）的miRNA，这些成分是伤口愈合的关键因素。还介绍和讨论了miRNA靶向的临床相关性以及为临床应用设计的递送策略。在本文中，我们批判性地提出了表观遗传学的重要性，特别强调了调控ECM成分（即糖蛋白，蛋白聚糖和基质蛋白酶）的miRNA，这些成分是伤口愈合的关键因素。还介绍和讨论了miRNA靶向的临床相关性以及为临床应用设计的递送策略。