Abstract The dewatering of highly saline (waste)waters by typical osmotic membranes, such as reverse osmosis (RO) or forward osmosis (FO), was significantly improved by a novel process in which an osmotic pressure gradient across the membrane is eliminated or reduced by increasing osmotic pressure in the permeate side. In this work, the concept of an osmotically enhanced dewatering (OED) process was fundamentally analyzed via conceptual modeling and verified experimentally under various hydraulic and osmotic pressure conditions. No or less osmotic gradient across the membrane resulted in higher water recovery than RO. Larger water flux was also produced than FO because the loss of osmotic driving force by internal concentration polarization (ICP) was greatly reduced. For instance, a series of experiments demonstrated that water flux of 1.2 LMH was obtained at low hydraulic pressure of 15 bar when a feed of 2.4 M NaCl was dewatered by the OED process. In addition, membrane characteristics (A, B, S) were optimized by modeling, and further examined experimentally using typical NF and FO membranes. Lastly, less reverse solute diffusion ensured a product of high quality after dewatering, suggesting that this process can be applied to not only highly saline shale gas produced water treatment, but also protein and pharmaceutical enrichment.

中文翻译：

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用于处理高盐度（废水）水的渗透增强脱水工艺分析

摘要 使用反渗透 (RO) 或正向渗透 (FO) 等典型渗透膜对高含盐量（废水）水进行脱水的过程通过一种新工艺得到了显着改善，其中跨膜的渗透压梯度通过以下方式消除或降低：增加渗透侧的渗透压。在这项工作中，渗透增强脱水 (OED) 过程的概念通过概念建模从根本上进行了分析，并在各种水压和渗透压条件下进行了实验验证。跨膜的渗透梯度没有或较小导致比 RO 更高的水回收率。由于内部浓差极化 (ICP) 造成的渗透驱动力损失大大减少，因此也产生了比 FO 更大的水通量。例如，一系列实验表明，水通量为 1。当 2.4 M NaCl 进料通过 OED 工艺脱水时，在 15 bar 的低水压下获得 2 LMH。此外，通过建模优化膜特性（A、B、S），并使用典型的 NF 和 FO 膜进一步进行实验检查。最后，较少的逆向溶质扩散确保了脱水后的高质量产品，表明该工艺不仅可以应用于高盐度页岩气采出水处理，还可以应用于蛋白质和药物的富集。