Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog currently used for the treatment of various solid tumors as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Its use against highly aggressive brain tumors (glioblastoma) has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials leading to controversial results. Gemcitabine can inhibit DNA chain elongation, is a potent radiosensitizer and it can enhance antitumor immune activity, but it also presents some drawbacks (e.g., short half-life, side effects, chemoresistance). The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges related to the use of gemcitabine for glioblastoma and to report recent studies that suggest overcoming these obstacles opening new perspectives for its use in the field (e.g., gemcitabine derivatives and/or nanomedicines).

吉西他滨（Gemcitabine）是一种核苷类似物，目前已作为一种单一药物或与其他化疗药物联合用于治疗各种实体瘤。在临床前和临床试验中已经评估了其对高度侵袭性脑肿瘤（胶质母细胞瘤）的使用，从而导致了有争议的结果。吉西他滨可以抑制DNA链延长，是一种有效的放射增敏剂，可以增强抗肿瘤免疫活性，但同时也存在一些缺点（例如半衰期短，副作用，化学抗药性）。这篇综述的目的是讨论与吉西他滨治疗胶质母细胞瘤有关的挑战，并报告最近的研究表明克服这些障碍为在该领域的应用开辟了新的前景（例如，吉西他滨衍生物和/或纳米药物）。