Natural materials, including nacre, bone, and the lobster cuticle, exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining high strength and toughness. Such materials have the added benefit of being light in weight. These advantageous features are due to such natural materials' orderly hierarchical architectures and abundant interface interactions. How to utilize these design principles created by nature to fabricate high‐performance bioinspired nanocomposites remains a great research challenge. A logical roadmap for developing these nanocomposites can be described as “discovery, invention, and creation.” Here, the discovery of the relationship between natural materials' design principles and such materials' extraordinary mechanical properties is discussed. Then, the invention of bioinspired strategies for mimicking natural materials is considered and representative strategies addressed. Next, the creation of multifunctional nanocomposites is discussed and bioinspired nanocomposites, including fiber nanocomposites, 2D film nanocomposites, and 3D bulk nanocomposites reviewed. Finally, a perspective and outlook for future directions in making bioinspired nanocomposites is provided to offer inspiration to the community and a clear vision for future research.

中文翻译：

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大自然启发的高性能纳米复合材料

天然材料（包括珍珠质，骨头和龙虾角质层）具有出色的机械性能，兼具高强度和韧性。这样的材料具有重量轻的附加好处。这些有利的特征归因于这种天然材料的有序分层结构和丰富的界面交互作用。如何利用自然界创造的这些设计原理来制造高性能的生物启发性纳米复合材料仍然是一个巨大的研究挑战。开发这些纳米复合材料的逻辑路线图可以描述为“发现，发明和创造”。在这里，讨论了天然材料设计原理与此类材料非凡机械性能之间关系的发现。然后，考虑了模仿天然材料的生物启发策略的发明，并提出了具有代表性的策略。接下来，讨论了多功能纳米复合材料的创建，并探讨了受生物启发的纳米复合材料，包括纤维纳米复合材料，2D薄膜纳米复合材料和3D本体纳米复合材料。最后，提供了有关制备受生物启发的纳米复合材料的未来方向的观点和前景，以为社区提供灵感，并为未来的研究提供清晰的愿景。