Background

The deficiency of vitamin D has been widely reported all over the world and linked to several chronic diseases. Mushrooms are valuable nutritional foods with recognized bioactive properties, leading the application of UV irradiation to the production of significant amounts of vitamin D₂. In this context, cultivated species such as Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus have been widely studied.

Scope and approach

However, there is still gap considering the knowledge of the most appropriate irradiation procedures (dose, intensity, distance between source and sample, exposure time) in order to maximize the content of vitamin D₂ in the mushrooms. This strategy will enable vitamin D₂-enhanced mushrooms to be commercially available at affordable costs. Considering the interest and potential of application, this review mentioned some of the physiological roles and sources of vitamin D, while the major focus was on mushroom's UV irradiation as a source of vitamin D_2. Also, topics related to its bioavailability and clinical studies evidencing the health benefits reported so far were also addressed.

Key findings and conclusions

UV-irradiated mushrooms present a high rate of conversion from ergosterol to vitamin D₂ at short treatment time and have the potential to increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Even though irradiated mushrooms exhibit some promising advantages, there is still a huge knowledge gap to allow for extraction, separation, recovery and purification of vitamin D₂ from irradiated mushroom at minimal process cost and high purity percentage to be utilized as bio-based ingredient to reduce vitamin D deficiency as well as present other health promoting benefits.

中文翻译：

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紫外线照射的蘑菇作为维生素D ₂的来源：综述

背景

维生素D的缺乏已被全世界广泛报道，并与几种慢性疾病有关。蘑菇是有价值的营养食品，具有公认的生物活性，可将紫外线照射应用于大量维生素D _2的生产。在这种情况下，已广泛研究了双孢蘑菇，香菇和平菇等栽培种。

范围和方法

但是，考虑到最合适的辐照程序（剂量，强度，源与样品之间的距离，暴露时间）的知识，仍然存在差距，以使蘑菇中维生素D ₂的含量最大化。这种策略将使维生素D ₂增强型蘑菇能够以可承受的成本在市场上买到。考虑到应用的兴趣和潜力，该评论提到了维生素D的某些生理作用和来源，而主要关注的是蘑菇的紫外线辐射作为维生素D ₂的来源_。另外，有关其生物利用度和临床研究的证据到目前为止报告的健康益处也得到了解决。

主要发现和结论

紫外线照射的蘑菇在较短的治疗时间内从麦角固醇向维生素D ₂的转化率很高，并且有可能增加血清25-羟基维生素D的水平。尽管辐照蘑菇展现出一些令人鼓舞的优势，但仍然存在巨大的知识鸿沟，无法以最低的工艺成本和高纯度将辐照蘑菇中的维生素D ₂提取，分离，回收和纯化，从而可以用作生物基原料。减少维生素D缺乏症，并提供其他促进健康的益处。