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Current Gaps in Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology: The Need for New Population-Based Research
Journal of the National Cancer Institute ( IF 9.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-29 , DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx144
Jennifer A. Doherty, Allan Jensen, Linda E. Kelemen, Celeste L. Pearce, Elizabeth Poole, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Kathryn L. Terry, Shelley S. Tworoger, Penelope M. Webb, Nicolas Wentzensen

With recent ovarian cancer screening studies showing no clinically significant mortality benefit, preventing this disease, identifying high-risk populations, and extending survival remain priorities. However, several challenges are impeding progress in ovarian cancer research. With most studies capturing exposure information from 10 or more years ago, evaluation of how changing patterns of exposures, such as new oral contraceptive formulations and increased intrauterine device use, might influence ovarian cancer risk and survival is difficult. Risk factors for ovarian cancer should be evaluated in the context of tumor histotypes, which have unique molecular features and cells of origin; this is a task that requires large collaborative studies to achieve meaningful sample sizes. Importantly, identification of novel modifiable risk factors, in addition to those currently known to reduce risk (eg, childbearing, tubal ligation, oral contraceptive use), is needed; this is not feasibly implemented at a population level. In this Commentary, we describe important gaps in knowledge and propose new approaches to advance epidemiologic research to improve ovarian cancer prevention and survival, including updated classification of tumors, collection of data on changing and novel exposures, longer follow-up on existing studies, evaluation of diverse populations, development of better risk prediction models, and collaborating prospectively with consortia to develop protocols for new studies that will allow seamless integration for future pooled analyses.

中文翻译:

当前卵巢癌流行病学的差距:对新的基于人群的研究的需求

最近的卵巢癌筛查研究显示,在临床上没有显着的死亡率益处,预防这种疾病,识别高危人群和延长生存期仍然是优先事项。但是,一些挑战阻碍了卵巢癌研究的进展。随着大多数研究从10年前或更早的时期获取接触信息,评估变化的接触方式(例如新的口服避孕药配方和增加的宫内节育器使用)如何影响卵巢癌风险和生存率就变得很困难。卵巢癌的危险因素应根据具有独特分子特征和起源细胞的肿瘤组织型进行评估。这是一项需要进行大量合作研究才能获得有意义的样本量的任务。重要的是,确定新的可修改的危险因素,除了目前已知能降低风险的那些药物(例如,生育,输卵管结扎,口服避孕药)以外,还需要;这在人口层面上是不可行的。在本评论中,我们描述了重要的知识差距,并提出了新的方法来推进流行病学研究,以改善卵巢癌的预防和生存,包括更新肿瘤分类,收集有关变化和新颖暴露的数据,对现有研究进行更长的随访,评估的不同人群,开发更好的风险预测模型,并与财团合作进行前瞻性合作,以开发新研究的方案,从而可以无缝整合以用于将来的汇总分析。这在人口层面上是不可行的。在本评论中,我们描述了重要的知识差距,并提出了新的方法来推进流行病学研究,以改善卵巢癌的预防和生存,包括更新肿瘤分类,收集有关变化和新颖暴露的数据,对现有研究进行更长的随访,评估的不同人群,开发更好的风险预测模型,并与财团合作进行前瞻性合作,以开发新研究的方案,从而可以无缝整合以用于将来的汇总分析。这在人口层面上是不可行的。在本评论中,我们描述了重要的知识差距,并提出了新的方法来推进流行病学研究,以改善卵巢癌的预防和生存,包括更新肿瘤分类,收集有关变化和新颖暴露的数据,对现有研究进行更长的随访,评估的不同人群,开发更好的风险预测模型,并与财团合作进行前瞻性合作,以开发新研究的方案,从而可以无缝整合以用于将来的汇总分析。
更新日期:2017-08-29
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